Management and Marketing for Sustainable

Question: The most effective method to reexamine free enterprise and release a rush of development and development Harvard Business Review.Critically evaluate the focuses as made in the diary article. At whatever point you offer your input, bolster them utilizing reference? Answer: Presentation The thought behind the Creating Shared Value is really advocated by Mark Kramer and Michael Porter in their Harvard Business Review. They have attempted to bring out different corporate obligation issues through the meeting room then its written in past years. In different regards this can be considered as smart thought. Making Shared Value is the acceptable endeavor by the essayists into the business morals among the professionals at the executives level. This article presents the dismissal just as analysis about the corporate social duty, which chiefly depends over the misrepresentation origination alongside its last reliance over the monetary contentions for reconnecting the business with the general public. For this key reason the rehash of free enterprise has appeared (Hopwood, Unerman and Fries 2010). Supportability has been never unmistakable into the corporate plan. In the event that supportability was extensively characterized as the one working in the way, which attempts to protect the quality as long as possible and been increasingly gainful limit as far as both the social and common habitat under which the association really works, maintainability presently quickly coming as the critical part in the technique of corporate business (Porter and Kramer 2011). Its prominent that the supportability had the option to suffer just as make due in the earth and later on. In setting of the business, the administration of the manageability is identified with joining the financial, social, just as various natural elements in the choices of the business (Montiel 2008). Job of Sustainability in Management The board of supportability conceal the ideas identified with the business morals and corporate social duty (Lado and Wilson 1994). Its prominent that the socially dependable business are the one whose point is to limit the negative impacts over the general public and upgrade the positive impact in the general public (Elkington 1994). Its prominent that business morals are additionally huge as they bombed in getting follow towards them and even leave the disastrous impacts over the business suitability. By and by, the pressure is set over the administration of manageability on the hugeness of the ecological maintainability (Morsing and Oswald 2009). The article presents the four key issues with the Corporate Social worth (CSV): 1. CSV is unimaginative the Porter and Kramer (2011) have attempted to recognize that there is something new in the idea of CSV. In past numerous researchers have expounded on it, and the corporate activities they attempted to rebrand as the CSV is considered as their endeavor to re-name the various practices. These practices are named as partner the board, key CSR, and social development. 2. CSV overlooks the issues among the monetary and social objectives In the article, Porter and Kramer (2011) has introduced CSV as moving more than the exchange offs among the objectives of society and economy. This has just happen in light of the fact that Porter and Kramer has had a go at overlooking the exchange offs, which was required to be defined. The article gives the guarantee to different chances, where accomplishment of the business could be lined up with the advancement of society. Yet at the same time there are numerous hosts of social issues predominantly that are made through the business, in which social just as financial objectives are clashing. The idea of CSV attempts to incite the chiefs that they ought to just disregard these issues (Barney 1991). 3. Need understanding about business consistence The article makes reference to that like famous pundit of Corporate Social duty, CSV attempts to assume the consistence with the moral principles and laws and furthermore attempt to lessen the damages that were caused because of the business (Keen, Brown and Dyball 2005). Up to one attempts to assume it, at that point dont need to manage these issues (Porter and Kramer 2011). Truth be told there is single sentence, which is devoted towards giving social damages, lawful consistence and moral standards in the article (Schaltegger, Windolph and Herzig 2012). In this way, its significant to overlook these events, where organizations attempt to hurt the earth and the individuals. Its better to disregard each time these organizations flop in maintaining the moral traditions and laws under which they work their business. The article makes reference to that organizations talk about CSV, however dont imagine this is valuable system in setting o f corporate obligation (Barney 1991). For accomplishing the regard for the organization in the soul of laws they cover assessments and regard the worldwide guidelines of works then there would be better method of business re-legitimizing (Riccaboni and Leone 2010). 4. CSV dependent on origination of partnership job inside the general public the article makes reference to that CSV is reshaping the free enterprise, yet in reality its more as same of other stuff, which has given bogus name to the idea of private enterprise, and visually impaired concentration towards the personal circumstance of individual corporate (Roome 1998). It will bolster in unraveling the social issues and make the partners in better position. The article examines about whom these organizations are joking this could spare the free enterprise, and what the prerequisite that attempts to recognize the methodical idea of different issues they are really confronting or ready to get the organizations take part in the community oriented reactions with the different partners for tackling the issues (Stead and Stead 1995). 5. The article talks about that the fact of the matter isn't on how CSV could contribute into the discussion of corporate social duty, however there are sure better reasons that should be satisfied (Shrivastava 1995). On the off chance that these reasons are disregarded, at that point it can introduce the ridiculous image of the considerable number of difficulties. The association the executives in present time is investing a great deal on the energy apparently so as to deal with the authoritative supportability through dealing with the exhibition of the budgetary resources, wellbeing, PC frameworks, hardware creation, and protected innovation (Linnenluecke and Griffiths 2010). Through this venture, it ought to be comprehended that one should attempt to wouldn't dare hoping anymore the association to demonstrate that they are feasible (Fiol 1991). Lamentably, there are different confirmations that the huge administration and the open segment organizations are battling so as to make their particular practical associations (Costanza 1992). End Hence, the individuals who can make just as deal with the supportability in the executives can become pioneer and lead towards the social, environmental, just as financial progress (Porter and Kramer 2011). Along these lines, who can make the reasonable association in present time and investigate the fortitude to return it back with sound judgment (Porter and Kramer 2011). References Barney, J. 1991. Firm assets and continued upper hand. Diary of Management, 17(1), pp. 99120. Costanza, R. 1992. Biological Economics: The Science and Management of Sustainability Complexity in natural frameworks arrangement. Columbia University Press. Elkington, J. 1994. Towards the maintainable company: Win-win-win business systems for supportable turn of events. California Management Review, 36(2), pp. 90-100 Fiol, M. C. 1991. Overseeing society as a serious asset: A personality based perspective on practical upper hand. Diary of Management, 17(1), pp. 191211. Hopwood, An., Unerman, J. also, Fries, J. 2010. Representing Sustainability: Practical Insight. Earthscan: Abingdon. Sharp, M., Brown, V. A. also, Dyball, R. 2005. Social Learning in Environmental Management: Towards a Sustainable Future. Routledge Lado, A. A. also, Wilson, M. C. 1994. Human asset frameworks and continued upper hand: A competency-based point of view. Institute of Management Review, 19, pp. 699727 Linnenluecke, M. K. also, Griffiths, A. 2010. Corporate maintainability and hierarchical culture. Diary of World Business, 45(4), pp. 357-366. Montiel, I. 2008. Corporate social obligation and corporate maintainability separate pasts, basic fates. Association Environment, 21(3), pp. 245-269. Morsing, M. also, Oswald, D. 2009. Maintainable initiative: Management control frameworks and authoritative culture in Novo Nordisk A/S. Corporate Governance, 9(1), pp. 83-99. Doorman, M. what's more, Kramer, M. R. 2011. Making shared worth: How to rehash private enterprise and release an influx of development and development. Harvard Business Review, 1, pp. 63-77. Riccaboni, A. what's more, Leone, E. L. 2010. Executing methodologies through administration control frameworks: The instance of supportability. Worldwide Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 59(2), pp. 130-144. Roome, N. 1998. Maintainability Strategies for Industry: The Future of Corporate Practice. Island Press. Schaltegger, S., Windolph, S. E. also, Herzig, C. 2012. A longitudinal examination of the information and use of maintainability the board instruments in enormous German organizations. Society and Economy, 34(4), pp. 549-579. Shrivastava, P. 1995. The job of enterprises in accomplishing biological manageability. Foundation of Management Review, 20(4), pp. 936-960 Stead, W.E. what's more, Stead, J.G. 1995. An exact examination of manageability methodology usage in modern associations. Exploration in corporate social execution and strategy, Supplement, 1, pp. 43-66.

Animal Farm Essay Example For Students

Animal Farm Essay Animal FarmGeorge Orwells epic, Animal Farm, is a misleadingly basic story abouta gathering of livestock who, tired of drudging to help people, rebeland make their own particular manner of life just to get themselves, quite a while later,toiling to support one of their own sort, the pigs. As a result of thesimplicity of this novel, numerous individuals believe it to be a childrens story. Be that as it may, past its cheerful surface, it is genuinely a sarcastic attackagainst Stalinism. It is likewise a regret for the destiny of unrests and thehopes contained in them. Adding to the intricacy of the book, it likewise showsmans ability to bargain reality. In the short extent of this novel,Orwell communicates a considerable lot of his thoughts regarding men and governmental issues. Major, an old pig, is the person who plants the seed of insubordination inthe psyches of different creatures by offering to them a tune which he had learnedas a youthful pig, yet which he has quite recently recalled during a fantasy. This songBeasts of England depicts a quiet life where all creatures will live shrillness, no longer subjugated by people. Wealth beyond what brain can picture,Wheat and grain, oats and hay,Clover, beans and mangel-wurzelsShall be our own upon that day. Splendid will sparkle the fields of England,Purer will its waters be,Sweeter yet will blow its breezesOn the day that liberates us. (pp. 7-8)The character of Major represents the Soviet Union pioneer, Vladimir Ilich Lennin. Lennin too had made his friends ascend in insubordination to the Czaristform of government in the desire for making a nation where everybody would beequal. Before he saw his thoughts completely ordered, he kicked the bucket. After the passing of Major, the force is left in the hands of two otherpigs, Snowball and Napoleon. Napoleon, who, without any other person discovering,had raised a litter of little dogs into savage mutts, presently utilizes them to pursue Snowballoff the homestead. This offers numerous similitudes with the manner in which a pioneer came intopower to succeed Lennin. Lennins decision was Leon Trotsky, yet Stalin, who isrepresented by Napoleon, utilizes prudent moves to work his way into governmentand build up an authoritarian framework. As the main head, Napoleon rapidly starts to mishandle his capacity. Usinghis prevalent insight, he before long has different animals doing all the ranch workwhile he and different pigs assume the jobs of administrators. The mentalities ofthe creatures, particularly Boxer, with his aphorism, Napoleon is in every case right, arerepresentative of the route individuals in an authoritarian state indiscriminately follow theirleader. One of the most significant purposes behind this visually impaired confidence is dread. Napoleon makes this dread using his canines, who ensure there isno resistance to his standard. Dread alone, however, doesn't keep the creatures loyal;rather it is the blend of dread and the expectation that their unique dreamswill still work out as expected. None of the old dreams had been relinquished. The Republic of the Animals which Major hadforetold, when the green fields of Englandshould be untrodden by human feet, was stillbelieved in. (p. 85)This is the general inclination of the creatures and keeps them endeavoring to reachtheir objectives. After some time, we see the pigs turning out to be an ever increasing number of like people. First wesee them staying in bed quite a while, at that point drinking liquor, lastly strolling on twolegs. Everybody of these things is carefully precluded in the sevencommandments; in any case, Napoleon has twisted the principles to support himself, so when theother creatures check the guidelines, they have marvelously changed. This is a traitinherent in the greater part of humanity they appear to be possibly to follow reality when the truthsuits them. On the off chance that it doesn't, they change it to address their issues. .u19c97683c70f7c3289dac87829c96bb5 , .u19c97683c70f7c3289dac87829c96bb5 .postImageUrl , .u19c97683c70f7c3289dac87829c96bb5 .focused content region { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u19c97683c70f7c3289dac87829c96bb5 , .u19c97683c70f7c3289dac87829c96bb5:hover , .u19c97683c70f7c3289dac87829c96bb5:visited , .u19c97683c70f7c3289dac87829c96bb5:active { border:0!important; } .u19c97683c70f7c3289dac87829c96bb5 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u19c97683c70f7c3289dac87829c96bb5 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; haziness: 1; progress: darkness 250ms; webkit-progress: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u19c97683c70f7c3289dac87829c96bb5:active , .u19c97683c70f7c3289dac87829c96bb5:hover { murkiness: 1; progress: obscurity 250ms; webkit-progress: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u19c97683c70f7c3289dac87829c96bb5 .focused content territory { width: 100%; position: relative; } .u19c97683c70f7c3289dac87829c96bb5 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content enrichment: underline; } .u19c97683c70f7c3289dac87829c96bb5 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u19c97683c70f7c3289dac87829c96bb5 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; fringe span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-tallness: 26px; moz-fringe sweep: 3px; content adjust: focus; content embellishment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .u19c97683c70f7c3289dac87829c96bb5:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } . u19c97683c70f7c3289dac87829c96bb5 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u19c97683c70f7c3289dac87829c96bb5-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u19c97683c70f7c3289dac87829c96bb5:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Is Cyclothymia a Disorder EssayWhat starts as a magnificent dream where creatures would control their ownlives, liberated from human control, closes with the creatures heavily influenced by an evenmore harsh ruler. Lennins topple of the abusive Czarist government,in the end, prompted the domineering and authoritarian rule of Stalin. As long asthere are such convictions as, All creatures are equivalent, however a few creatures are moreequal than others, (p. 88) all uprisings for equity will fizzle on the grounds that therewill consistently be some gathering to fill the job of predominance.

Rhetorical Essay about the book SULA by Toni Morrison

Logical about the book SULA by Toni Morrison - Essay Example By and large, the story spins around Nel and Sula and how their kinship changes over years. The primary contentions introduced incorporate those with respect to companionship, dedication, traitorousness, and absolution. After some time, the types of fellowship are appeared to change. At first, the book presents Nel and Sula to be excellent companions. Nel is raised by her mom so she is polite and a loyal girl. Nel doesn't care for the manner in which her mom treats her. It is referenced in the book that Nel likes Sula’s house better as her mom isn't admonishing or shouting at her (Morrison 29). Then again, Sula doesn't care for her mom as she lays down with other men, and questions her mom even likes her. One day Sula discovers her mom doesn't care for her either. She feels miserable and channels her complaint to Nel whom she feels truly near. While trying to be somebody unique in relation to her mom †who dozes around with a wide range of wedded men †Sula in the end turns out to be progressively similar to her mom later on. Sula didn't care for her mother’s mentality and converses with Nel about it. After Nel gets hitched to Jude, Sula leaves the Bottom and returns after years. At first, it appears as though Sula is extremely glad to meet her again and they are old buddies until Nel discovers Sula and her significant other undermining her. Nel who as of now has three kids from Jude is incredibly pitiful at seeing her awesome companion with her better half. Jude chooses to leave Nel in the wake of being gotten with Sula (Morrison 105). Nel feels crushed and wants to cry, yet the manner in which she had been raised doesn't permit her to give her feelings transparently. The way Nel and Sula’s companionship slides because of the unexpected change in Sula’s character after years appears to be harmful and represents the temporariness of fellowship. Another contention made is that with respect to selling out and unfaithfulness in the ordinary sense as well as accidentally occurring and bringing about the characters getting injured. Selling out is evident at different spots. After Sula hears her mom saying that she doesn't care for her, she feels said and deceived. Her correspondence with Nel is acceptable and she can impart her considerations to Nel. Nel and Sula had consistently been great companions and after Sula returns 20 years after the fact to the Bottom, Nel is by all accounts deceived by Sula for being egotistical and removing her better half from her. Afterward, when Sula passes on, Nel feels remorseful of not having been an old buddy and not having gotten Sula. The story closes with a lamenting Nel who at last pardons Sula. In another piece of the book, Nel and Sula experience the passing of a young man named Chicken Little. Both Nel and Sula were swinging Chicken Little by the waterway when his hand slipped and he went submerged (Morrison 170). In a urgent requirement for help, Sula races to Shad rack, yet he should simply say â€Å"always.† She gets apprehensive and the two young ladies choose not to inform anybody concerning what occurred. Sula feels remorseful, however Nel consoles her that it was not her deficiency but rather was only a mishap. Be that as it may, Sula appears to have assumed the fault, and this makes her change for good. A long time after Sula’s demise, Nel goes to visit her grandma who says that she saw Nel allowing Chicken Little to little. Sula’s grandma accuses them two for his demise. Later Nel realizes that it was actually her issue as she delighted in watching him suffocate instead of

How to be a father Essay Example For Students

Step by step instructions to be a dad Essay II. God’s Example in the BibleIV. God’s guidelines on the best way to be a fatherB. Accepting that family government assistance is a higher priority than natural possessionsC. Stepfathers’ job in the family1. Knowing and obeying Jesus Christ2. Knowing and showing Godly character4. Knowing and cherishing my children5. Knowing my endowments and capacities. Being a dad is probably the best thing a man can do. Few out of every odd man has the stuff to be a dad. God has just allowed certain men with this significant activity. Ideally a man turns into a dad when his better half brings forth a kid, however in today’s society it isn't really a MAN’s spouse that may bring forth his youngster yet a sweetheart. Regardless of how it happens everything begins a similar way. A man and a lady engage in sexual relations and afterward if her egg is prepared by the man’s sperm she becomes impregnated. Considering that there are no issues with her pregnancy a lady will have a child in around nine months. The lady turns into a mother and the man turns into a dad, this doesn't imply that he fundamentally recognizes what to do yet after some time he will procure the information it takes to be a dad. God intended for men to become fathers not at an early age however at a later age so they would be proficient and adult enough to be a da d. All through the Bible there is an example of men being the leader of the family. This was God’s structure and he needed to ensure it was followed. Everything began with Adam. God initially made a man not a lady. This is on the grounds that it was his arrangement to make man the head. This example proceeded all through the entire Bible when God needed something done he went to men. For example, when he needed to decimate the earth by water he picked Noah as his man. â€Å"13And God said unto Noah, The finish of all substance is preceded me; for the earth is loaded up with savagery through them; and, observe, I will wreck them with the earth. 14Make thee an ark of gopher wood; rooms shalt thou make in the ark, and shalt pitch it inside and without with pitch. 15And this is the style which thou shalt make it of: The length of the ark will be 300 cubits, the expansiveness of it fifty cubits, and the stature of it thirty cubits. 16A window shalt thou make to the ark, and in a cubit shalt thou finish it above; and the entryway of the ark shalt thou set in the side thereof; with lower, second, and third stories shalt thou make it. 17And, view, I, even I, do bring a surge of waters upon the earth, to devastate all substance, wherein is the breath of life, from under paradise; and everything that is in the earth will pass on. 18But with thee will I build up my pledge; and thou shalt come into the ark, thou, and thy children, and thy spouse, and thy son s’ wives with thee. Beginning 6:13-18Noah was the main individual whom God gave the guidelines to on the best way to fabricate the ark. God decided to offer them to a man. Another case of God picking a man is Abraham. God required somebody to be the dad of his country and he picked Abraham. â€Å"4As for me, observe, my pledge is with thee, and thou shalt be a dad of numerous countries. 5Neither will thy name any more be called Abram, however thy name will be Abraham; for a dad of numerous countries have I made thee. 6And I will make thee surpassing productive, and I will make countries of thee, and rulers will come out of thee. Beginning 17:4-6Abraham was picked to be God’s man in ensuring there was a country of God’s individuals. The best case of God picking men to be the pioneers is Jesus. God sent his solitary child to result in these present circumstances earth and kick the bucket a modest demise. God didn't have a girl however in the event that he did he would have still sent his child since God has called

Slavery As A Cruel Institution Essays - Slavery In The United States

Subjection as a Cruel Institution Cold-bloodedness can be characterized as a harsh activity done to an individual or gathering of individuals that causes either physical or mental mischief. Bondage, at its very center, was an unfeeling and heartless organization. From the thought behind it to how it was authorized, it corrupted the lives of individuals and denied the essential freedoms that each man merits under the Constitution of the United States. Three significant territories where pitilessness was particularly pervasive were in the slaves working conditions, everyday environments, and loss of principal opportunities. Working conditions for slaves were about as terrible as can be envisioned. Slaves worked from day break till nightfall and at times considerably more. Solomon Northrup portrays his experience as a slave on his Louisiana ranch: The hands are required to be in the cotton field when it is light in the first part of the day and except for ten or fifteen minutes, which is given them around early afternoon to swallow their recompense of cold bacon, they are not allowed a second inert until it is too dull to even consider seeing, and when the moon is full, they in many cases work till the center of the night (Northrup 15). The slaves lived in steady dread of discipline while at work, and it was that dread that drove them to comply. Northrup keeps on saying that, No issue how exhausted and fatigued he may bea slave never moves toward the gin-house with his crate of cotton yet with dread. On the off chance that it misses the mark in weightif he has not played out the full errand delegated him, he realizes he should endure (10). He proceeds to clarify that subsequent to gauging, follow the whippings (10). This was not the finish of the workday for a typical slave however. Each slave had their own separate tasks to do. One feeds the donkeys, another the swineanother cuts the wood, etc (Northrop 11). At that point there were occupations to do in the slaves quarters, employments that were important for their essential needs and endurance: At last, at an inconvenient time, they arrive at the quarters, lethargic and defeat with the long days drudge. At that point a fire must be aroused in the lodge, the corn ground in the little hand-factory, and dinner, and supper for the following day in the field arranged (Northrup 12). The slaves got next to no rest on the grounds that, an hour prior to light the horn is blown, and it was an offense constantly followed by lashing, to be found at the quarters after sunrise (Northrup 14). At that point the feelings of dread and works of one more day start; and until its nearby there is nothing of the sort as rest (Northrup 14). Following an amazingly troublesome day of work, the cold-bloodedness proceeded with when the slaves came back to lodging that could be depicted as lacking, best case scenario. Jacob Stroyer, one of fifteen youngsters, was conceived on a ranch in South Carolina in 1849. He relates the conditions that his family lived in: The vast majority of the lodges in the hour of subjection were fabricated in order to contain two families; some had segments, while others had none. When there were no segments every family would fit up its own part as it could; some of the time they got old barricades and nailed them, stuffing the splits with clothes; when they couldn't get blocks they hung old garments (Stroyer 14). Families had to live under not exactly perfect conditions, and resting was a test: At the point when the family expanded the youngsters all dozed together, the two young men and young ladies, until one got hitched; at that point a piece of another lodge was doled out to that one, yet the rest would need to stay with their mom and father, as in youth, except if they could get with a portion of their family members or companions who had little families, or except if they were sold (Stroyer 14). The blistering summer months caused it difficult to rest inside to along these lines, when it was unreasonably warm for them to rest serenely, they all dozed under trees until it became excessively cold (Stroyer 16). Francis Henderson was another slave who, in the wake of getting away from a slave estate outside of Washington, D.C. at 19 years old, portrayed day to day environments on his ranch: Our homes were nevertheless log cottages - the tops

Chinese Government Firewall Policy and Population - 550 Words

Discuss How Chinese Government Firewall Policy Has Impacted The Chinese Population (Reaction Paper Sample) Content: Name:Tutor:Course:Date:FirewallsThe grand Ted Talk by Jing Zhao (Michael Anti) explains how the internet functions behind the Chinese powerful firewall. Presently, there are five hundred million users of the internet in China. Michael illustrates how censorship logic functions and the way the firewall benefits many users. Michael gives an insight on the rising levels of micro blogging and how it contributes to dynamic changes in china. He discloses that, despite prevailing control over the internet by the central government, all servers are being located in the city.The firewall is a weapon of protection. It has made numerous local Chinese websites powerful. It also contributes to maintenance of social stability and stability in the government. Hiding the truth is impossible, but irrational thinking and rumor fades. The freedom of speech is not compromised in a country like China. China has enacted adequate measures to maintain internet vitality lest international com munication is impaired through the internet.Introduction of firewall and any correlated access or negotiation facility should not cause inadvertent failure of standards. Besides, it should not legitimize compliance in regard to usage where the fire wall is absent. When such problems occur, it is the responsibility of the associated software, and the firewall to attend to the problem.It is difficult to suppress issues that encompass freedom of people. Suppression ascertains how freedom can be observed as an illusion. The government of China emphasizes on freedom of speech when it needs criticisms from the opposition. However, there is a need to understand the clone and block policy of government censoring. This may accord the government an illusion that it is ultimately in power. The Chinese population has significant influence than the power vested on censoring the government.There is a need to ensure sustainability in relation to the internet to underpin growth of business and vas t digital global economy. There have been leakages of decryption of user communication as well as surveillance of users. On the contrary, ITU is clearly against these situations. They have outlined that an individual is worth the outrage appearing against the ITU. Exterminating the internet neutrality is detrimental to both users and Google. In my opinion, it is wrong for ITU to emphasize that it can escape the outrage. This is not possible under any circumstances.The ordinary end users benefit more from internet regulation than companies. In fact, regulations do not individuals, but companies that share information on the internet. Therefore, regulations are meant for companies because they would lose a...

Poetry 101 What Is Onomatopoeia Learn How to Use Onomatopoeia in Poetry and Literature With Examples

Usually, how words sound bears no relationship to what they mean. That’s not true in the case of onomatopoeia, where words sound like what they are. The English language is littered with these mimicking words, from meowing cats to babbling brooks. In poetry and literature, the onomatopoeic effect is something writers can harness to create vivid imagery without verbosity.

Ethics Ethical And Ethical Considerations - 1741 Words

The idea of being ethical shouldn’t only play a role in business fields, but also in a normal person’s everyday life. Being ethical pertains to what one thinks is right and wrong. For some one thing may be right while for others that same thing may be wrong, it all depends on your own beliefs and morals. In the accounting world being ethical deals with morals and embedding trust into a company. For small business investors, creditors and managers being ethical is a simple way of staying out of trouble, and is easier to distinguish between right and wrong. WorldCom was one of the biggest telecommunication company that our world h as seen and also had one of the largest accounting frauds in history. WorldCom was a company that did not stay ethical in their ways of doing business. In accounting, the ethical consideration is honesty. You want to help your client to pay as little tax as possible, but you also do not want to cheat the government. In business, the ethical cons iderations are honesty, fairness, and quality. You want to make money by paying the lowest possible wages and producing goods as inexpensively as you can. But you also do not want to starve your employees, or produce shoddy goods that will give you a bad reputation. You also want to outsell your competition, without resorting to unfair business practices. According to the journal article An Analysis of Fraud: Causes, Prevention, and Notable Cases by Kristin Kennedy we see the development of WorldCom andShow MoreRelatedThe Ethical Considerations Of Ethics1132 Words   |  5 PagesEthical Considerations Ethics is one of the most important considerations when making a decision about end of life. It is also where the most controversy lies as arguments, using ethical theories, can be made for and against laws on end of life. â€Å"Ethics has at least two primary functions: to guide our actions, and to provide justification for the guidance given† (Schuklenk et al., 2011, p. 42). A duty-oriented ethicist would be against euthanasia and physician assisted death. They believe â€Å"weRead MoreLegal Ethics And Ethical Considerations1169 Words   |  5 Pages Legal and ethical considerations. A number of ethical considerations are unique to couples and family therapy. Because most couples and family therapists focus on the family system as the client rather than on the individual’s dynamics, potential ethical dilemmas can arise from the first session, which need to be clarified. Because of the increased complexity of their work, couples and family therapist are faced with more potential ethical conflicts than are practitioners who specialize in individualRead MoreEthics And Management : Ethical Considerations By Observers Of Earnings Management909 Words   |  4 PagesRelated Judgments by Observers of Earnings Management. The abstract emphasizes that the earning management is the major ethical issues in accounting. Regulators and investors examine professional judgment through legal books (p. 285). Introduction. The author studies accounting methods, earnings management, and financial reporting to examine the ethicalness of judgments. Management’s ethics play a key role in earnings management activities and financial reporting. The researcher questions if the accountingRead MoreIndividual Assignment: Consideration for Ethics and Diversity Proposal Choose One or Two Ethical Considerations and One or Two Diversity Considerations on a Company You Will Research or Your Present Place of Employment.973 Words   |  4 PagesProposal to Make Ethical and Diversity Considerations to Improve the Strategic HRM Planning Process. Prepared for Jane Doe HR Director ABC Restaurant amp; Pub Prepared by _______ Personnel Director ABC Restaurant amp; Pub December 24, 2012 ABC’s Restaurant amp; Pub Ethical and Diversity Considerations to Improve the Strategic HRM Planning Process. I have gathered information over the last five weeks about department policies and best practices pertaining to ethical and diversityRead MoreManaging Human Resources1816 Words   |  7 Pages1 December 2012. SUBJECT: Alternatives to address the Faulty Whistle. Organization business plan could not occur without integrity, and implementation of high-level ethical consideration enhances company value and market competitive advantages. The company needs to take immediate decision with regard to the ethical consideration to enhance organization market advantages. Three alternatives have been identified to address the problem regarding the whistle. First alternative is to ask the qualityRead MoreEthical Perspectives Essay1271 Words   |  6 PagesEthical Perspectives Introduction Ethics involves identifying, differentiating, and defending concepts of right and wrong, and what values humanity retains from ethical growth and development. The Williams Group for Ethics and Management developed an exercise, called the Ethics Awareness Inventory, which analyzes responses to a set of questions, and categorizes the results under four ethical perspectives: Character (or Virtue Ethics), Obligation (or Deontological Ethics), Results (or Utilitarianism)Read MoreEssay on The Case Study Concerning Joelle1094 Words   |  5 Pages Ethics plays a very important role in one social system and basically on how the people will make their actions or decide on a particular thing on whether it is the right or the wrong thing. Ethical consideration is very important. It helps a person or a group of person understands whether the actions are right or wrong. Ethics is a very critical factor most especially when considering where the ethical standards are to applied. Aside from it, weighing results of actions or decision isRead MoreEffective Ethics and Ethical Behavior1468 Words   |  6 PagesEffective ethics and ethical behavior Memorandum and Report Carol Harris TO: Rebecca M. Melton, ABC Toy Co. CEO FROM: Carol Harris, Elementary Division Manager, ABC Toy Co. DATE: 6/5/11 SUBJECT: Product quality issue and a report on ethical decision making. This memo addresses a product quality issue with a whistle included in our toy collection. I have included a report on the importance of ethical decisionRead MoreReactions and Reflections to Cyndi Banks Criminal Justice Ethics: Theory and Practice1060 Words   |  4 PagesReactions and Reflections on Readings in Cyndi Banks Criminal Justice Ethics: Theory and Practice Introduction No serious-minded individual over the age of twelve actually thinks that justice and ethical issues involved in criminality are purely black-and-white or clear-cut issues of good and bad. The first chapters of Cyndi Banks (2008) Criminal Justice Ethics, however, make it clear that the issues of right and wrong in the criminal justice system are far more complex, specific, and subtleRead MoreThe Ethics And Social Welfare1568 Words   |  7 Pagessituations in which individuals need to make choices given different equally compelling moral options. However, rarely are ethical choices simple; most decisions are restricted and invokes internal conflict as dilemmas highlight the differences and those conflicts when deciding on a course of action. The current literature contains a critique of an article selected from the eJournal Ethics and Social Welfare. It focuses on a dilemma encountered in a practice situation involving an inexperienced practitioner

Reinforcement Menus for Behavior Management Plans

Origins of the French Revolution - 4242 Words

ORIGINS OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION The causes of the French Revolution of 1787-1789 (Solà © 3) is a subject worthy of investigation because the revolt is an event of crucial importance in Western History. It marked the end of feudalism and the beginning of democracy in France, and can be seen as a turning point for liberty in Europe. To quote the German author Goethe, ‘From this place, and from this day, commences a new era in the world’s history’ (Wright 2). In 1774 when Louis XVI ascended the French throne, he had the potential, if he exerted strength, to rule absolutely over France (Hampson 24), a powerful European nation. Less than twenty years later his monarchy had been replaced by a revolutionary government (Rudà © 34), and†¦show more content†¦(Hampson 31). Calonne did not expect his proposals to be taken well by the aristocracy. This was because, by the second half of the eighteenth century, the group had come to seriously disdain the monarchy. T here were two main reasons for this. The nobility was resentful of King Louis XVI because of the administrative centralization that had been enforced by his Bourbon predecessors (‘House of Bourbon† par 1). Louis XIV, the ‘Sun King’, in particular had been a fervent absolutist. He had limited the influence of his ministers (Fox 137) and had reduced lesser nobles from positions of power to mere adornments of the Court (Goyau â€Å"Louis XIV† par 2). The attitude pervading from this epoch was that the monarchy could ‘impose laws generally on all subjects, regardless of their consent’ (Fox 133). The aristocracy was very bitter about this. The nobility had also lost all respect for the royal family by the later eighteenth century, and did not see them as having the moral fortitude to rule over France. Although Louis XVI himself had cultivated a bad reputation through his antisocial, gluttenous behavior (Lefebvre 25), his wife, Marie Antoinette , was the real problem. She was demonized for her extreme spending habits, her inability to bear a male heir, (Asquith 70) and for supposedly using her influence overShow MoreRelatedOrigins of the French Revolution2047 Words   |  9 PagesBossenga and Andress offer interesting and well-supported perspectives on the origins of the French Revolution and the reasons it came about. Bossenga purports that the public fervor of the time had little to do with the actual revolution, other than providing bodies for insurrection. Rather, the institution of the royal state was an inherently flawed one by the reign of Louis XVI, to the extent that only a full revolution would effectively produce solutions to the problems of the ancien regime. AndressRead MoreThe Economic Origins of the French Revolution2747 Words   |  11 PagesThe inflated opinion the French monarchy had about themselves and other nobles lent itself to how they contributed to and handled the economic downturn in France for centuries prior to the French Revolution. Forming the foundation of many of France’s financial issues, the monarchial system granted royals and the nobles who surrounded them the ability to feel as if they are intended to be superior to the rest of France, a mentality that would last until the French Revolution began. With this monarchialRead MoreThe Influence of Rationalism on the French Revolution1509 Words   |  7 PagesApril 2013 The Influence of Rationalism on the French Revolution What was the driving force behind the French Revolution? Many people may say it was financial, or political, and while I would agree that these things were part of the force that propelled the French Revolution, I would assert that the philosophies of the Enlightenment were the dominant force that blasted late eighteenth century France into revolution . In his article, â€Å"The French Revolution: Ideas and Ideologies â€Å"Maurice Cranston ofRead MoreCauses of the French Revolution During the period of 1789-1799 people lived much differently than700 Words   |  3 PagesCauses of the French Revolution During the period of 1789-1799 people lived much differently than individuals do today and there were many reasons for this. During the French Revolution there was a large amount of taxation for certain class groups, â€Å"While average tax rates were higher in Britain, the burden on the common people was greater in France† (GNU, 2008, pg. 2). Due to these large taxations on the peasants and lower class and not on the clergy and nobles it caused excessive conflict betweenRead MoreComparing The American Revolutionary War and The French Revolution894 Words   |  4 Pagesescape religious intolerance. The Huguenots, who were French Protestants, fled to the colonies as well since they were suffering at the hands of the Catholic Church. So both nations had issues with religion. The French were more impacted by the power of the Church and property rights, which is why there was a lot of issues with the Catholic Church. They didn’t appreciate how the Catholic Church did not h ave to pay taxes. With the French Revolution in France, power went to the state. It was no longerRead MoreThe French Revolution And The Enlightenment1471 Words   |  6 Pagespower. Power now in the hands of the people. Through bloodshed, the radical actions of the French Revolution sparked by philosophies of Enlightenment, will impact the future. Historical figures such as Robespierre heading the Great Assembly will drive change in culture through the revolution, in hopes of achieving enlightened societies. The 18th century marks the beginning of modern history. The French revolution playing a role in furthering Enlightenment, will led to a chain of events that will changeRead MoreThe French Revolution And The 19th Century871 Words   |  4 PagesThe French Revolution took place in the late 18th century which undermined the traditional monarchy of France as well as the hereditary aristocracy. The Enlightenment was an important origin of the French Revolution as people wanted the government to provide natural rights to individuals. They did not seek a violent revolution, however so individuals had strong beliefs in the Enlightenment ideas which led to a revolt. A few important factors had a major impact on the origin of the revolution includingRead MoreIncredible British and French Revolution1701 Words   |  7 Pagesthe eighteenth century was the beginning of Europe’s two incredible revolutions which are the British and French Revolutions. The British Revolution is very different from the French Revolution. Many different events and issues led up to the British and French Revolutions that make them different from one another. For example the primary factor that led to the British Revolution was the power of religion. While, the French Revolution was based upon feudalism as well as the inequality of the third estateRead MoreTo What Extent Was The Enlightenment The Main Driving Force Behind The American And French Revolutions?1479 Words   |  6 Pag esfocuses on the causes of Atlantic Revolutions and will explore the question: To what extent was the Enlightenment the main driving force behind the American and French Revolutions? The years 1685 to 1815 (Strayer, 2011) will be the focus of this investigation to allow for an analysis of the Enlightenment ideas’ impact the need for governmental change in the American colonies and France during the eighteenth century, as well as their governmental influences post-revolutions. †¯ The first source whichRead MoreEssay on Causes and Effects of The French Revolution1402 Words   |  6 PagesThe French Revolution was a time of great social, political and economic tumult in the closing years of the Eighteenth Century. The motivators pushing French citizenry toward revolution are varied in scope and origin. They range from immediate economic woes to an antiquarian class structure. Modern historians still debate the value of the changes that the revolution brought to modern society. The middle class made gains that would never be rescinded, but do revolutions always end in tyranny? In the

Mom And Babies Program Mothers And Mothers - 891 Words

MOM AND BABIES PROGRAM Mom and Babies Program Incarcerated Pregnant Women A growing number of pregnant incarcerated women and their soon to be born children now have an innovative option, often referred to as the Mom and Babies program, which puts precedence on the long term outcome of the pair. The positive result of this program over the last 5 years has encouraged several other departments to develop a similar one. The main purpose of the establishment of such a program is an attempt to strengthen family structure in hopes that this would be an effective way to reduce recidivism. Although quite new, the results have shown a promising future for the continuation of this program. Prison nurseries started in 1902, in New York, but the next nursery would not be built until much later, in 1994, in Nebraska. Since the 1990s the idea of prison nurseries has become more widely accepted and at least 7 new facilities have opened. Over the more recent years, programs have been formed to build a network of support for moms and babies. Th e push behind this, perhaps, had to do with the rise of the prison population of parents as stated by Herman (2001) â€Å"The number of children with incarcerated parents rose 60 percent in the 1990s and by 1999, affected one of every 50 children. The prison population grew at nearly that time pace 62 percent-during that period†¦Of the nation’s 72 million minor children (up to age 17), an estimated 2 percent had incarcerated parents† (p.128).Show MoreRelatedPostpartum Depression And Postpartum Psychosis936 Words   |  4 Pagesdepression the mom knows that she is struggling but does not lose touch with reality. With postpartum psychosis the mom is dealing with anxiety, depression, and a complete break from reality. Knowing the difference between the two is important that family and providers recognize the difference (2014, para.12)†. When doctors do not recognize the difference and is treating the new mom for postpartum depression instead of psychosis, t he end results can be harmful for the mother. The rate of mothers harmingRead MoreGuidelines Of Guidelines Regarding Milk Banks Essay1403 Words   |  6 Pagesinsurers to provide breastfeeding services to new mothers who are discharged early after delivery. Florida has several statutes encouraging breastfeeding information in various settings. State laws pertaining to breastfeeding are varied in their nature and scope. Leaders can provide mothers with relevant laws and related information, but should refrain from interpreting laws or offering legal advice. If there is no state law in place, the mother may wish to educate her employer about the benefitsRead MoreMothers And Their Nursing Infants1655 Words   |  7 Pagesfew drop of his mothers’ expressed milk. His mother began to pump in order to develop her milk supply, since Daniel did not yet nurse. This article stated that Daniel’s mother Paula, â€Å"nipples were not very erect† (Nichols, 2007). Paula, Daniel’s mother, was given breast shields by her midwife, this allowed Daniel to latch onto her nipple and successfully nurse for the first time. According to Nichols (2007) shares an important aspect women and parents should keep in mind, â€Å"a baby might take manyRead MoreBreastfeeding Is The Way Of Feeding A Baby From The Lactation Directly From A Mother s Breast1467 Words   |  6 PagesBreastfeeding is the way of feeding a baby from the lactation directly from a mother’s breast. This way of feeding, through studies, is said to be the most a ppropriate and beneficial way to provide nourishment for most infants. This method is not only beneficial for financial and health rationale, but it is also beneficial to the mind and development of the child. Moms who are in favor of the benefits of their child, will breast feed, and these favoring moms on the go will breastfeed in public. ThoughRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy Sections I And II1738 Words   |  7 Pageseducation officials and teen moms. In the U.S. we have several teens that are experiencing unprotected sex, without any knowledge of pregnancy prevention or sex education. When teen girls become pregnant, this also affects the parents. This is a huge responsibility and burden for all involved parties. Health benefits are needed for both the teen mom and the unborn child. Thesis Statement: Teen pregnancy is an important topic in the United States. When teen girls become a mom at such an early age,Read MoreTeen Pregnancy in the United States1201 Words   |  5 Pagesto look to become a mom to find meaning or love in a world where they do not see other options. In the United States, we need to teach our teens the consequences. These consequences can range from their future stability to actual life threatening situations. There are many health risks for the baby and the mother because of the lack of readiness of the teen’s body for pregnancy. The mother â€Å"is more likely to have high blood pressure, which can be dangerous for her and her baby† (Nolan 4). Due toRead MoreAdolescent Pregnancy Risks Of Mother And Her Child849 Words   |  4 PagesAdolescent Pregnancy risks to mother and her child Risks to Adolescent Mother Having a baby as an adolescent can be very traumatizing for the mother to be. Upon finding out that she is pregnant she begins to feel a lot of different emotions. She then begins to second guess herself causing the feeling of sadness, being mad, feeling stressed and even depression. One of the hardest things that adolescence parents go through is how to let their parents know of the news. Without any support, she willRead MoreTeen Pregnancy Is A Serious Problem1484 Words   |  6 Pagespregnant or have already had a baby. Teen pregnancy is a very big concern in society. Everyone needs to come together as a whole to find ways to prevent this from happening so often. Teen pregnancy is a reoccurring problem, but there are ways to prevent them such as starting programs or classes in schools so teens understand why they should not have children, using a contraceptive, and watching TV shows so they can understand being a teen mom is not easy. Educational Programs in Schools The first way societyRead MoreThe Challenge of Wanting it All: A Look into the Life of Career Mothers1235 Words   |  5 PagesIn normal situations, mothers are expected to be the central caregivers for a new baby. Standard care for a newborn requires months of time and complete devotion. When a career is thrown into the mix, the life of a mother is chaotic. Working mothers live a more demanding life compared to those of non-working mothers. There are decisions on childcare services, breast pumping breaks, maternity leaves and career barriers. These topics are rarely discussed with stay-at-home moms, but become normal conversationsRead MoreThe Effects Of Teen Mothers On Children1319 Words   |  6 Pagesindicates that teen mothers, due to the fact that they are not mature, are more likely to have involvement with DCFS than an older mother, especially if they have had involvement with child welfare during their own childhood (Hudgins, Erickson, Walker, 2014). Teen mothers are often unaware of their child’s needs emotionally and may not give them the attention they need leaving their child vulnerable to child abuse and neglect (Hudgins, Erickson, Walker, 2014). If these young mothers have had any involvement

Market segmentation free essay sample

Asia-Pacific Athletic Footwear Market Segmentation by Geography on the Basis of Contribution in Percentage (%), 2006-2012 Figure 6: NIKE Global Revenue Contribution of Athletic Apparel and Footwear by Asian Countries in Percentage (%), FY’2012 Figure 7: NIKE Revenue from Athletic Footwear and Apparel in Greater China in USD Million, FY’2008-FY’2012 Figure 8: NIKE Revenue from Athletic Footwear and Apparel in Japan in USD Million, FY’2008-FY’2012. Adidas Group Suppliers by Region in Percentage (%), 2011 Figure 10: Adidas Athletic Footwear Production by Region in Percentage (%), 2011 Figure 11: Adidas Athletic Apparel Production by Region in Percentage (%), 2011 Figure 12: Adidas Group Asia Revenue by Athletic Footwear and Athletic Apparel in USD Million, 2008-2012P Figure 13: Adidas Group Asia-Pacific Revenue by Athletic Footwear, Athletic Apparel and Accessories on the Basis of Contribution in Percentage (%), 2012P Figure 14: Adidas Group Asia-Pacific Revenue by Wholesale, Retail and Other Business on the Basis of Contribution in Percentage (%), 2012P. The contribution of women to the overall sportswear market in China is less than the males because†¦ 21  © This is a licensed product of Ken Research and should not be copied Figure: China Athletic Apparel Market Segmentation by Men, Women and Kids on the Basis of Contribution in Percentage (%), 2012 Men Women Kids Table: China Athletic Apparel Market Segmentation by Men, Women and Kids on the Basis of Revenue in USD Million, 2012 Particulars Revenue ( USD Million) Men Women Kids Total MARKET SHARE OF MAJOR PLAYERS IN CHINA ATHLETIC WEAR MARKET, 2011. 4. INDIVIDUAL MARKETING- The ultimate segmentation leads to â€Å"segments of one â€Å", customized marketing† or â€Å"one to one† FORM OF INDIVIDUAL MARKETING * SELF MARKETING- is a form of individual marketing in which the individual consumer takes on more responsibility for determining which products and brands to buy. PATTERNS OF MARKET SEGMENTATION Three (3) different patterns that can be emerge: 1. Homogeneous Preferences- shows a market where all the consumers have roughly the same preference. 2. Diffused Preferences- showing that the consumers vary greatly in their preferences. . Clustered Preferences- market might reveal distinct preference clusters called natural market segment. MARKET SEGMENTATION PROCEDURE Three (3) step approach used by marketing research firms. 1. Survey stage- the researcher conducts exploration interviews and focus groups to gain insight into consumer motivations, attitudes and behavior. 2. Analysis Stage- researcher analyzes and cluster s the respondents into a specified number of maximally different segments. 3. Profiling stage- Each segment can be given a name based on a dominant distinguishing characteristic. Market Partitioning investigate the hierarchy of attributes that consumers examine in choosing a brand. * Brand Dominant Hierarchy * Nation Dominant Hierarchy BASES FOR SEGMENTING CONSUMER MARKETS 1. Consumer Characteristics- commonly use geographic, demographic and psychographic characteristics. 2. Consumer Responses- looking for benefits sought, use occasions, or brands. MAJOR SEGMENTATION VARIABLES 1. GEOGRAPHIC SEGMENTATION- dividing the market into different geographical units such as nations, states, provinces, cities or neighborhoods. 2. DEMOGRAPHIC SEGMENTATION- consists of dividing the market into groups on the basis of demographic variables such as age, generation, family size, family type, family cycle, gender, income, occupation, education, religion, race and nationality. Demographic Variables * Age and Life cycle Stage * Family Type * Gender * Income * Religion * Social Class 4. PSYCHOGRAPHIC SEGMENTATION- buyers are divided into different groups on the basis of lifestyle and personality. * Lifestyle * Personality 5. BEHAVIORAL SEGMENATTION- buyers are divided into group on the basis of their knowledge of, attitude toward, use of, response to a product. Occasions * Benefits * User status * Usage rate * Loyalty status * Hardcore Loyal- Consumers who buy one brand all the time. * Split Loyal- Consumers who are loyal to two or three brands all the time. * Switchers- Consumers who show no loyalty to any brand. FOUR KINDS OF PRODUCT USERS 1. Nonusers- may be aware of a product but have rejected it. 2. Loyal customer s- are already using and loyal to the product. 3. Switchers- base their purchase decisions on such factors as price or variety seeking. 4. Emergent Consumers- are entering the market for the first time and may be the most valuable group. segmente

Cultural Revolt Of 1920s Essay Research Paper free essay sample

Cultural Revolt Of 1920s Essay, Research Paper The 1920 # 8217 ; s were times of cultural revolution. The times were altering in many different ways. Whenever the times change, there is a clang between the old and the new coevalss. The 1920 # 8217 ; s were no exclusion. In Dayton, Tennessee, 1925, a high school biological science instructor was arrested. He was arrested because he taught the theory of development. The instructor, John T. Scopes, was accused of holding violated the Butler Act. This was a Tennessee jurisprudence that forbade the instruction of the theory of development in public schools. The Tennessee legislative assembly felt that learning development was incorrect because it contradicted the creative activity theory of the Bible. The Scopes test received world-wide promotion. The imperativeness nicknamed it the Monkey Trial because, people believed that the theory of development meant that worlds were descended from monkeys. Clarence Darrow was the defence attorney. Former U.S. secretary of province William Jennings Bryan was the prosecuting officer. We will write a custom essay sample on Cultural Revolt Of 1920s Essay Research Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The defence argued that the Butler Act was unconstitutional. They did non deny that Scopes had broken the jurisprudence. He was convicted and fined $ 100. Darrow was quoted as stating, Scopes International Relations and Security Network # 8217 ; T on test, civilisation is on test. The universe was altering and scientific progresss made it harder to to the full accept the Bible # 8217 ; s reading of creative activity. The older coevals seemed set in their ways. It would look that a scientific discipline was on test supporting itself against traditional beliefs. The Red Scare was the consequence of wartime tensenesss. There was a turning fright of communism during the 1920 # 8217 ; s. The Red Scare became like a witch-hunt. Everyone was leery of each other. U. S. Attorney-General Palmer planned a unit of ammunition up of Communists. January 2, 1920, he ordered section foraies on meeting halls and places in 30 metropoliss countrywide to garner all suspected Communists. Twenty seven 100 people were arrested without being charged with a specific offense. In all, more than 6,000 people were arrested. The foraies ended after May 5th. This was due to a authorities opinion that mere rank in the party is non in itself a offense. Most people that were arrested were released, few of the people arrested were really Communists. The Red Scare continued when on April 1, five lawfully elective members of the New York State legislative assembly were expelled for being members of the Socialist Party. World War I ended in 1920 with the sign language of the Treaty of Versailles. Russia and the United States were Alliess during the war. After the war, both became the universe # 8217 ; s new world powers. As the tenseness between the two states grew, so did the fright of Communism. The Ku Klux Klan was a racialist organisation founded in 1915 by William Simmons. The KKK # 8217 ; s popularity peaked in the 1920 # 8217 ; s when its rank exceeded 4 million nationally, with strong organisations in the Midwest every bit good as in the South. The Klan began to persecute Roman Catholics, Jews, aliens, Communists, and organized labour. Stressing white Protestant domination, the Klan enjoyed a jet of growing in 1928 as a reaction to the Democrats # 8217 ; nomination for president of Alfred E. Smith, a Roman Catholic. The KKK was made up of many bias people that couldn # 8217 ; t maintain up with the altering times. They were comfy with the old racialist ways. They could non cover with the new, more broad beliefs. Womans of the 1920 # 8217 ; s were contending in their ain revolution. Womans were contending to interrupt down the sex-based limitations that were set before them. The old criterions that were set were easy being changed. Many adult females of the 1920 # 8217 ; s were traveling out and acquiring occupations. Over 10.6 million adult females were working at the terminal of the decennary. Womans like Margaret Sanger fought to educate adult females on the pros of utilizing birth control. She saw many hapless adult females that were burdened with many kids. If they were educated about household planning, they could command the size of their households and maintain the cost of populating down. In 1921 she founded the American Birth Control League. Many people with traditional values were against birth control methods. They believed that it was against Gods will. This would do another of the struggles that arouse due to a altering society. With the Scopes Test, Red Scare, the rise and autumn of the KKK, and Women # 8217 ; s Rights, we see how the times were altering in the 1920 # 8217 ; s. Religion, political relations, and ignorance were all obstructions to the advancement that was being made in the 1920 # 8217 ; s. Change ever brings about struggle between the old and the new.

Internet Addiction Cause and Effect Essay Example

Internet Addiction Cause and Effect Essay There has been a big percentage of people spending their time on the internet rather than spending time with their family, or friends. Internet use has been categorized as an actual disorder, and has been termed Internet Addiction because of its similarity to addictions like smoking, drinking, and watching too much TV. There are several reasons and causes why people get addicted to the internet; boredom, loneliness, online TV, social networks, etc. They could be lonely in the way that theyre the only child, or they have no friends due to being home schooled, so they waste their time on the internet. Or they could just be bored; they could be home alone, or it could be raining outside, and they cant go out, so they stay in and surf the web. There are also a lot of social networks online like chat rooms, Facebook, Twitter, MSN, and more. People enter social networks to meet new people, and get into virtual online relationships. Entering social networks can also relate to loneliness sometimes. Spending too much time on the internet can affect you very much. It can interfere with your social life, the addiction can lead to the inability to communicate in the real world, and your family bonding. You could have mixed feelings of guilt while at the computer, and it can also distract you from your work/school related work. And because of the lack of exercise and movement, obesity is a huge symptom. We will write a custom essay sample on Internet Addiction Cause and Effect specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Internet Addiction Cause and Effect specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Internet Addiction Cause and Effect specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer To some people, when you are not on the computer, you think about it frequently and anticipate when you will use it again. I suppose that if anyone is too addicted to the internet, they should maybe set an alarm clock for only 1-2 hours, to lessen their addiction. Or they could talk to their mothers, or guardians about it, or maybe get a therapist for some help, and try their best to think of all of the effects that could happen to them, and try to stop.

East Meets West Essay Sample by Steve Lee

East Meets West Essay Sample by Steve LeeAn East meets West Dating As Asian American Women's essay sample by Steve Lee is now available for download from our website. It was written by the author of the Three Risks To Asian Men: The Secret Disadvantages Of Being Japanese, Myths Of Orientals, And My Wisdom About Asian American Men; and it is made available for a free trial download.Steve Lee's essay is an Asian American women's perspective on dating with the stereotypical Asian American male mentality, and it gives an all-around analysis of this strange situation of Asian American women dating Whites and non-Asian men. A better strategy for Asian American women dating Whites than being a victim of reverse racism would be to approach these men without expecting any loyalty or fear, and also to appreciate what we have going for us. You can read the rest of this article to find out more about Steve Lee's tips for overcoming this culture.With stereotypes all around us, how do we change th em? Steve Lee lists a few of the most common beliefs of Asians, including that we are cold and aloof, stupid, and meek. As the essay explains, it's time for our stereotypes to go.For Asian women, dating Whites is an opportunity to prove that even though we are underrepresented in the western world, we are not prey for negative stereotypes. We should be proud of our achievements in gaining recognition, we should be contented with our status, and we should not give up our values for anyone. We should instead accept ourselves for who we are and what we believe.To date White men might mean giving up the fantasy of being with an Asian man, but I suggest that you also turn those dreams into reality. Why? Because when you date Whites, you can begin to build trust and intimacy with these men. And you will have many opportunities to ask for their help, advice, and validation.Remember, we are all right there on the same side, as Asian American women. How do we get close to those White men who are so distant and unique in their attitudes? In a sense, these men are not so different, they are Asian American women trapped in a White man's body.Anecdotal evidence supports the idea that the best approach for Asian woman is to consider themselves more than just an Asian woman with a Japanese skin tone and cultural expectations. The overall definition of an Asian American woman also includes having a different opinion than the other Asian American women, who probably has the same interests and values.There are few things that define a perfect Asian American woman except her ability to accept herself for what she is, no matter what. In order to win the hearts of White men, Asian American women must accept themselves for who they are, not for what they are not. Finding out more about Steve Lee's dating advice is definitely worthwhile.

Capital punishment should be abolished Essay Example

Capital punishment should be abolished Essay Example Capital punishment should be abolished Essay Capital punishment should be abolished Essay There are about 1. 000 people sentenced to decease because of perpetrating flagitious offense globally each twelvemonth ( Rogers. 2012. parity. 10 ) . However. some states still insist on implementing the decease punishment or capital penalty in order to cut down offense. In the 20th century it is contended that value of life should be pursed. and everyone deserves the right to last. For this ground. it can be argued that capital penalty should be abolished and whole life imprisonment should be implemented alternatively. First. to specify heinous crime’ and capital punishment’ is of import. The definition of flagitious offense differs depending on the state. By and large. it relates to offenses of moral turpitude’ . which are highly violent Acts of the Apostless including slaying. colza. manslaughter and terrorist act ( Tooby. 2012. parity. 1 ) . In contrast. the definition of capital punishment’ is more concrete. It is defined by the Oxford Dictionary ( 2012 ) as the lawfully authorised violent death of person as penalty for a offense. This includes deadly injection. deadly gas. hanging. executed by firing sqard. lapidating. decapitation and burning. This essay will reason that capital penalty is against basic human rights. secondly will turn out that felons have been found to be guiltless after they have been executed. thirdly it will verify the being of unjust judgements. Finally. this essay will expose counterarguments that support the decease punishment. utilizing instances from Saudi Arabia. China and America as its example to reason that capital penalty is barbarous and unneeded. To get down with. harmonizing to The Universal Human Rights Declaration ( 2012. parity. 3 ) Everyone has the right to life. autonomy and security of person . therefore. based on this premiss implementing capital penalty is against basic human rights. Everyone has the right to last. no 1 can strip people of this right. non even the authorities. Since the right of persons is protected by jurisprudence. which can non strip anyone randomly of life ( Human Right Association. 2003. parity. 2 ) . Capital penalty. however. is a pattern that disregards human rights. Furthermore. the justness system is set up to forestall offense and keep a peaceable society ( UNICEF. 2003. parity. 7 ) . The decease punishment. nevertheless. inflicts harm upon another. which can potentially make panic inside society ( Jayashree. 2010. parity. 7 ) . Therefore. capital penalty seems to oppose the established justness system. Worse still. some authoritiess execute felons in a cold manner. For illustration. in Saudi Arabia. felons are executed by decapitating by blade or lapidating wherby the felons are attacked by throwing rocks until they die ( Moni. 2010. parity. 6 ) . Therefore. capital penalty is a flagitious and cold act of force that must be abolished in order to keep a humane society with zero tolerance. Another ground of opposing capital penalty is that some felons have been found to be guiltless after they had been sentenced and executed. but they could neer return. By utilizing whole life imprisonment. the job brought by misjudgment can be avoided. One illustration is Jiang Guoqing in Taiwan. China. He was executed in 1997 for the colza and slaying of a 5-year-old miss. The organic structure of the miss was found in lavatory of public assistance station staff of the Air Force Combat Command. The agency of probe conducted polygraph proving on all soldiers. nevertheless. merely Jiang did non base on balls. Worse still. a lavatory tissue was found in the lavatory which contained combination of Jiang’s organic structure fluid and blood of miss because Jiang used lavatory before. Due to find of this grounds. Jiang was convicted of colza and slaying. He was eventually executed in 1997. but his male parent fought for entreaty continuously due to deficient probe in this instance. Finally. the governments reexamined grounds left in the instance in 2001. and they found that Jiang was guiltless and the slayer was Huang. Finally. the existent slayer was sentenced ( Tian. 2011 ) . After Jiang was executed. the repute of his whole household was destroyed. Can a authorities compensate for this? The instance of Jiang is merely the tip of the iceberg of abortion of justness that occurs around the universe. there were infinite instances where felons were found guiltless after executing. Unfortunately. the lives of these executed inexperienced persons can non be returned. it is decidedly a offense committed by the governments. It is normally believed thatEveryone is equal and just in forepart of law’ . however. unjust judgement still exists in the legal system due to discrimination against different races and sexes in some states. Nagin and Piper nigrum ( 2009 ) argued that The Justice system in South America is administered by same elect power construction. But justness for Blacks is revengeful and emotional. while for the Whites is secular and rational. The statistics besides show that figure of inkinesss being executed are far more than Whites supplying that about same figure of black and white felons commit the offense in respects of inequality. The capital penalty record indicates that 706 individuals received the decease sentence since 1910. while 362. or somewhat more than half. were really executed. For the people being executed. there were 282 black males. 73 white males. five Indian males and two black females where the statistics was from the provinces that holding bulk of Whites. ( Laurence. 2012. p. 119 ) This grounds proves that Blacks have a higher opportunity of having the decease punishment comparing to Whites. Besides Jayashree ( 2010. parity. 6 ) states the hapless may non hold money to engage a attorney to support them. Therefore. they have a comparatively higher rate of imprisonment or even be executed. In add-on. in Saudi Arabia. adult females face the decease punishment by lapidating for criminal conversation. While it is normal for work forces to get married a few adult females. they do non endure any legal effect for personal businesss ( Moni. 2010. parity. 1 ) . This reveals that unjust judgement exists for different sexes. different socio-economic position and different races. Many people think that implementing capital penalty can cut down the figure of flagitious offense in society due to fear of serious penalty. While. the consequence of the decease punishment in commanding offense is still dubious. As support by Jayashree ( 2010. parity. 7 ) The rate of offense is 43 per centum in the province that holding dead punishment while merely 23 per centum in province that without decease punishment in America. This shows that the consequence of capital penalty may non be effectual in cut downing offense rates. Besides. there are many people projecting uncertainty that money spent in back uping the lives of felons is much more than cost of capital penalty. In fact. the cost of implementing the decease punishment is non low at all. governments need money to fix paperss such as Deoxyribonucleic acid trials and a licence of decease for the felon. Whole lives imprisonment is the most suited manner to penalize the felons that perpetrating flagitious offense. Jayashree. 2010. para6 claim that In gaol. decennaries and decennaries of life in a coop. in an environment of colza and force and being treated like animate beings is worse than the decease sentence. With the decease sentence. the agony is over rapidly. It can besides soothe the victim household as the felons suffer in gaol for long period of clip. Besides. there is a good chance in gaol to allow them to revise themselves and give them a 2nd opportunity to rectify themselves. On the other manus. implementing capital penalty is engrafting the construct of an oculus for an eye’ and an ear for an ear’ into society. Therefore. get rid ofing capital penalty is a lone manner non to allow this evil construct base on balls to our following coevals. More significantly. whole lives imprisonment do non allow felons endure from abortions of justness. To reason. since there are many disadvantages in transporting out capital penalty such as this is against human right. being of unjust judgement and the consequence of decease punishment is still dubious. To repeat. capital penalty should be abolished and authorities should supply 2nd opportunity for felons to rectify themselves.

Interactive Teaching Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 9750 words

Interactive Teaching - Coursework Example It also provide with the literature review of great historical leaders who contributed a great deal towards improving and introducing new techniques of teaching in elementary schools. It also sheds light on the most effective method of teaching, practical approach. Introduction Interactive Teaching techniques have been existed worldwide as the foundation of formal educational system. It establishes the base for future education. It prepares students in fundamental skills and awareness and can be defined as prior to formal education that comes after that. Most important characteristic of interactive teaching strategy is getting affiliated with peers and creating an identification of children with society and nation. For decades, classroom management has been an issue and many effective teaching lessons have gone array due to student disruption. This critical review of the literature analyzes the elements that can be identified in a successful and effective classroom teaching techniques. Research consistently has shown that traditional lecture methods, in which professors talk and students listen, dominate college and university classrooms. It is therefore important to know the nature of active learning, the empirical research on its use, the common obstacles and barriers that give rise to faculty members' resistance to interactive instructional techniques, and how faculty, faculty developers, administrators, and educational researchers can make real the promise of active learning. Background During science, social studies, and writing time, in my first year of teaching, it has been noticed many students getting off task. They sometimes appeared bored, as if they were not really interested in doing their assignment.... As the report declares most important characteristic of interactive teaching strategy is getting affiliated with peers and creating an identification of children with society and nation. For decades, classroom management has been an issue and many effective teaching lessons have gone array due to student disruption. This critical review of the literature analyzes the elements that can be identified in a successful and effective classroom teaching techniques. According to the paper findings during science, social studies, and writing time, in my first year of teaching, it has been noticed many students getting off task. They sometimes appeared bored, as if they were not really interested in doing their assignment. Some students found any excuse to get up from their desk, go to the bathroom, get a drink, sharpen their pencil, or just roam about; anything other than doing their work. Other students were consistently blurting out, made rude comments to classmates, exhibited disrespect and showed inappropriate behavior. A few students created severe disruptions including tantrums in class. This created management issues and students produced minimal work of low quality. In today’s dynamic and diverse school environment, engagement and creating interest of students is an issue. For students to achieve success academically and in life, they must have access to the opportunity to receive a quality education in a school environment conduct ive and creative to learning.

Drug Use and Abuse Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Drug Use and Abuse - Assignment Example What changes in a family might discourage drug abuse?The family is the basic unit in the society and shapes the behaviour of the individual. A family that exposes the students to vices such as violence and exposure to drugs promotes drug abuse. The presence of drugs in the house will tempt students to use drugs.Families should encourage dialogue to ensure that children do not turn to drugs as a way to relieve stress. Drugs such as alcohol and cigarettes should be kept away from the students. The parents should avoid arguing when the children are around. Exposing the children to violence should be avoided (Maisto, Galizio, and Connors 423).  3. Adolescents can be a challenging group to teach. Why might this group of students be disposed to experiment with drugs? Adolescence is the stage between childhood and adulthood. This group is a challenging group to teach because it is characterized by the need for independence. Adolescents are prone to experiment with drugs compared to other groups. Educating the adolescence the impacts of drug abuse is important in the battle against drugs. Peer pressure is one of the reasons that lead to drug abuse by adolescents. Stability in the family also exposes the group to drugs. The availability of drugs and a culture that accepts drug use puts the adolescents at risk of drug abuse. Academic pressure may also lead to drug abuse by the group. Alcohol is a legal drug that is abused by students due to its availability and cost. Alcohol enters the body orally or through the mouth.

In Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde and in The Fifth Child Essay Example for Free

In Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde and in The Fifth Child Essay In Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde and in The Fifth Child an outsider is progressively released into an existing society destroying peace and goodness as it comes In Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson the outsider is Mr Hyde. Dr Jekyll is a very clever person who does not like having to be a good, respectable member of society and trying to live up to his reputation all the time. After living his life like this for a while and becoming ever more frustrated by living like this he uses his knowledge of drugs and medicine and Mr Hyde is born as the evil side of Jekylls personality. In The Fifth Child by Doris Lessing the outsider is a boy called Ben the fifth of five children from a couple called David and Harriet. David and Harriet wanted a happy family life with many children and a big house. This dream world was going fine until the outsider Ben is introduced. This essay is going to look at the similarities and differences between the two books and the two outsiders. The reader from the first time they are met views both Ben and Hyde as outsiders. Harriet just after she has given birth to Ben describes him as a troll or goblin This is certainly not the usual reaction a mother gives her new born child or creature as Harriet describes him. Ben was not like other new born babies he was muscular, yellowish, long his forehead sloped from his eyebrow to his crown. His hair grew in an unusual pattern from the double crown where started a wedge or triangle that came low on his forehead, the hair laying forward in a thick yellowish stubble. He did not look like a baby at all. The first time we meet Mr Hyde he is attacking a small child in the street trampled calmly over the childs body which is not normal practice for the normal man in the street. Stevenson makes this more horrific by saying it sounds nothing to hear but I think it does sound quite nasty to hear but it was hellish to see implying that it is much worse than it sounds. Mr Hydes appearance made the doctor who would usually have nothing to hold against Hyde turn sick and white with the desire to kill him. Later in the book Mr Utterson tries to describe Hyde there is something wrong with his appearance, something displeasing, something downright detestable. I never saw a man I so disliked and yet I scarce know why. He must be deformed somewhere, he gives a strong feeling of deformity, although I couldnt specify the point. All this suggests that Mr Hyde is not normal. Stevenson then goes to describe Hyde through his house and his front door. Mr Hydes house lies just past a market that is described as having an air of invitation, like rows of smiling sales women. Mr Hydes house is nothing like this being situated in a court and is one of a sinister block of buildings this description immediately makes you imagine a dark house with dark anti-social inhabitants. Stevenson then goes on to say the house showed no windows, nothing but a door on a lower story and the door which was equipped with neither bell nor knocker, was blistered and distained all of this is not actually just describing the house but Hyde as well. It says Hyde is a dark anti-social man that does not like visitors and does not generally fit in. In The Fifth Child there is also an object like Mr Hydes door used to describe, but this time peoples feelings and what is going on. This is the big table; it is used to show the state of the family and relationships. The table near the beginning of the book before Ben is born is full of people at Christmas who are all happy and Christmassy but when Ben is born less and less people come around until at the end of the book the table is totally empty apart from Harriet. Harriet is imagining what it used to be like before Ben was born with many people all enjoying themselves and how much better it would have been without him. Mr Hyde and Ben are both violent people. Mr Hyde had trampled over a small child in the street and killed an MP with a walking stick; both of these people were people that someone of Hydes age should have been stronger than, an old man and a small child. Ben had sprained his older brothers arm and attacked an older girl in the playground, both of these people should have been able to overpower someone of Bens age but Ben seems to be abnormally strong. When Ben was a small baby his mother did not breast-feed him like she did with her others because it hurt too much the child looked at her and bit, hard. This may suggest that Ben is more evil than Hyde in being able to attack people that should be stronger than him. Stevenson describes the event of Hyde trampling a small child in a different way to the way Lessing describes how Ben attacks a girl in the playground. Stevenson tells the story through Mr Enfield who is talking to Mr Utterson but Lessing uses Harriets thoughts to tell the story of Ben. Stevenson doesnt just describe what Hyde did to the girl he goes on and makes the incident more realistic and tries to compare Hyde with other things such as a juggernaut to provoke more feeling in the reader it sounds nothing to hear but it was hellish to see. Lessing on the other hand describes Bens actions almost as a series of bullet points, stating what he did and nothing else he had pulled her down, bitten her and bent her arm back until it broke. For this reason, that Stevenson used more description in parts of his book I can find parts of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde more believable and mare memorable. These parts of the two books also show how far apart they were written. In Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde Stevenson uses the word juggernaut, which then meant a large unstoppable force but in todays world has become to be associated with large lorries. Also in Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde there are few women and the ones we do hear about are servants or maids but in the Fifth Child there are many women and one of the most important people in the book, Harriet, is a woman. We also do not hear many people called by their first names in Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde but in the Fifth Child last names are seldom used. The title of this essay I agree with most of except for the part that says, progressively released. This part of the statement is true for Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, as Mr Hyde is only really understood at the end of the book he is not easy to describe. In the Fifth Child Ben is thrown into the middle of everything suddenly and can even be different before he was bourn David felt a jolt under his hand. The second part of this statement destroying peace and goodness as it comes I totally agree with. In Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, Hyde causes Jekyll so much pain that eventually he commits suicide. In the Fifth Child Ben scares Harriet and David off having any more children and breaks the family apart by making some of Harriets other children go to boarding school and by making them go and live with relatives.

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ME: I spent nearly 15 years harboring un-forgiveness against an individual. I was 7 years old I lost my Mother .My father was left to raise seven children. We didn’t have much and it showed in my appearance and unkempt hair. I remembered sitting in class one particular day; the teacher asked each of us what we wanted to be when we grew up. When the time came for me to answer I stood up and said that â€Å"I wanted to be a teacher† and she looked at me and said â€Å"you should think of something else more realistic. I had heard hurtful words repeatedly as a child but that day, I was crushed by them. I recall how the entire class laughed and made fun of me and years later I believed that I was never going to amount to anything, and everything I attempted failed. It was as if those words were like a ball and chain on me. My Dad was a weekend alcoholic back then and he worked hard during the week but on the weekends he was never around. My childhood was a very lonely one, I didn’t have any friends, only associates, but there was this guy name Chris, he was a sweet and very nice boy. I use to talk to him from time to time but he was very reserved and was always by himself. I felt badly for him, after all, I felt that we were both misfits. We had become good friends, and even though he wasn’t much of a talker, neither of us seemed to mind, we were just grateful to have the other as a friend. Then one day I learned that he had committed suicide. We hadn’t been friends all that long but he was the only friend I had and I was really hurt, angry, and I even questioned and blamed God for allowing it to happen. I couldn’t understand how he would allow it and I had a hard time dealing with it. I had to get away, so when I turned 18 I decided to ... ...e command, or any Holy words provided, as they are in the other two Sacraments. Also, a foot washing is void of evangelical grace, or pardon of sin, which is why it should not be practiced in the church as Sacrament. I pray that you learned from this study of Jesus’s example, and I pray that God continue to stir us up to live lives which are pleasing in His sight and from which He get all the honor and glory. It was due to this study that I was able to free myself by forgiving the teacher who spoke nothingness into my life and those who made my life a living hell growing up. Immediately when I forgave them I felt as if that ball and chain that was attached to me just broke into and fell off. I no longer receive the report of others; I believe what God said about me. I perform feet washing according to the teaching of Jesus; I just do not perform them as Sacrament.

Interaction of Fiscal and Monetary Policy

INTERACTION OF FISCAL AND MONETARY POLICY IN INDIA Introduction: Before understanding how the fiscal policy and monetary policy operate in coordination with each other, let us first understand the objective behind the formulation of these policies in brief. Monetary Policy: Monetary policy is the process by which monetary authority of a country, generally a central bank controls the supply of money in the economy by exercising its control over interest rates in order to maintain price stability and achieve high economic growth.The central bank in our country is Reserve Bank of India. The main objectives of monetary policy are price stability, controlled expansion of bank credit, promotion of fixed investment, promotion of exports and food procurement operations etc. Fiscal Policy: Fiscal policy refers to the expenditure that government undertakes in order to provide goods and services, and the way in which the government finances those expenditures.Main objectives of fiscal policy of our country are to reduce income inequalities through progressive taxation, to control inflation, to facilitate balanced regional development, employment generation, to allocate resources to social and developmental objectives, to reduce balance of payment deficits etc.At the outset, it must be recognized that both fiscal and monetary policies are essential components of overall macro-economic policy and thus cannot but share the basic objectives such as high economic growth on a sustainable basis implying equity considerations also, a reasonable degree of price stability and a viable balance of payments situation. However, all these objectives may not always be in harmony, and major concerns of each component may be different apart from the differences in time horizon of the concerned policy focus.For achieving an optimal mix of macroeconomic objectives of growth and price stability, it is necessary that the two policies complement each other. However, the form of complementarity will vary according to the stage of development of the country’s financial markets and institutions. In order to exercise these objectives there are certain tools available with the government and the central bank. Let us look at the tools available with the central bank to exercise monetary policy objectives effectively. There are five main tools which RBI uses to execute the monetary policy.They are repo and reverse repo rate, cash reserve ratio, open market operations, statutory liquidity ratio, and bank rate. The tools related to fiscal policy are public expenditure, income of the government, government borrowings. Evolution of monetary and fiscal policy interface in India: The framework for monetary and fiscal policy interface in India stems from the provisions of the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934. In terms of the Act, the Reserve Bank manages the public debt of the Central and the State Governments and also acts as a banker to them.The interface between these two poli cies, however, has been continuously evolving. In the pre-Independence days, the Colonial Government adopted a stance of fiscal neutrality. However, requirements of the World War II necessitated primary accommodation to the Government from the Reserve Bank. In the post-Independence period, the monetary-fiscal interface evolved in the context of the emerging role of the Reserve Bank. Given the low level of savings and investment in the economy, fiscal policy began to play a major role in the development process under successive Five-Year Plans beginning 1950-51.Fiscal policy was increasingly used to gain adequate command over the resources of the economy, which the monetary policy accommodated. Beginning the Second Plan, the Government began to resort to deficit financing to bridge the resource gap to finance plan outlays. Thus, the conduct of monetary policy came to be influenced by the size and mode of financing the fiscal deficit. Consequently, advances to the Government under the RBI Act, 1934 for cash management purposes, which are repayable not later than three months from the date of advance, in practice, became a permanent source of financing the Government budget deficit.Whenever government’s balances with the Reserve Bank fell below the minimum stipulation, they were replenished through automatic creation of ad hoc Treasury Bills. Though the ad hocs were meant to finance Government’s temporary needs, the maturing bills were automatically replaced by fresh creation of ad hoc Treasury Bills. Thus, monetization of deficit of the Government became a permanent feature, leading to loss of control over base money creation by the Reserve Bank. In addition to creation of ad hocs, the Reserve Bank also subscribed to primary issuances of government securities.This was necessitated as the large government borrowings for plan financing could not be absorbed by the market. This, however, constrained the operation of monetary policy as it led to creati on of primary liquidity in the system and entailed postponement of increases in the Bank Rate in order to control the cost of Government borrowings. The Reserve Bank Act, therefore, was amended in 1956 empowering the Reserve Bank to vary the cash reserve ratio (CRR) maintained by banks with it to enable control of credit boom in the private sector emanating from reserve money creation through deficit financing.The single most important factor influencing monetary policy in the 1970s and the 1980s was the phenomenal growth in reserve money due to Reserve Bank’s credit to the government. With little control over this variable, monetary policy focused on restricting overall liquidity by raising the CRR and the SLR to high levels. The balance of payment crisis of 1991 recognized the fiscal deficit as the core problem. It, therefore, necessitated a strong and decisive coordinated response on the part of the Government and the Reserve Bank.Assigning due importance to monetary manag ement, fiscal consolidation was emphasized and implemented in 1991-92. An important step taken during the 1990s with regard to monetary-fiscal interface was phasing out and eventual elimination of automatic monetization through the issue of ad hoc Treasury Bills. Even though fiscal dominance through automatic monetization of fiscal deficit has been done away with over the years in India, the influence of fiscal deficit on the outcome of monetary policy has continued to remain significant given its high level.High fiscal deficit, even if it is not monetized, can interfere with the monetary policy objective of price stability through its impact on aggregate demand and inflationary expectations. Fiscal-Monetary Co-ordination: In Inflation Management: Maintaining a low and stable level of inflation is one of the major goals of macroeconomic policy. Since inflation is viewed by the traditional monetarist approach as a monetary phenomenon, monetary policy is recommended as the major tool for inflation management.However, the role of fiscal policy in inflation control is also recognised both in terms of the impact of high fiscal deficit on aggregate demand and inflation as well as short-term inflation management through its policy of taxes and subsidies. Also, given the two-way interaction between fiscal deficit and inflation, optimal co-ordination between monetary and fiscal policies would be critical to achieve the goal of price stability. This section attempts to understand the role of fiscal and monetary policies in inflation management and the implications of the interaction between these policies on inflation.MSS scheme: Another example of fiscal-monetary co-ordination came in the form of introduction of the Market Stabilization Scheme (MSS). Under the MSS, treasury bills and dated securities were issued by the government. The scheme aimed at improving monetary policy that was expected to lose its efficacy in the face of paucity of instruments to sterilize liqu idity arising from large capital inflows that required intervention in the foreign exchange markets. The initial burden of sterilization was borne by the outright transactions involving the sale of dated securities and treasury bills.However, due to the depletion in the stock of government securities, the burden of liquidity adjustment shifted to LAF. The LAF was essentially designed to handle marginal liquidity surpluses/deficits. For absorbing the liquidity of a more enduring nature, the MSS was conceived. Fiscal-monetary policy co-ordination also received a fillip from the Debt Swap Scheme (DSS), which was recommended by the Finance Commission. It enabled the state governments to substitute their high-cost loans from the centre with fresh market borrowings and a portion of small saving transfers.How should the coordination be? In view of the complex nature of interface, coordination between fiscal and monetary policies has to be considered from several angles. Both are aspects of shared overall macro-economic policy objectives. Hence, at the first level, the question is whether the relevant fiscal-monetary policy mix is conducive to the macro objectives. The relevant policy mix relates to the level of fiscal deficit, the pattern of financing especially the extent of monetisation and the dependence on external savings.Secondly, whether operating procedures of monetary and fiscal authorities, especially debt and cash management are consistent and mutually reinforcing. The interactions between operations of monetary authority and public debt management described earlier in this part of the presentation are obviously relevant. Thirdly, whether credibility of both monetary and fiscal policies is achieved in a desirable direction. Thus, a credible monetary policy can help moderate interest rates provided the fiscal authority does not give rise to a different set of expectations.Fourthly, whether due cognizance has been taken of the fact that monetary and fiscal p olicy adjustments operate in different timeframes. Monetary policy as is well known , can be adjusted to alter monetary conditions at a shorter notice than fiscal policy. Monetary policy changes can be undertaken at any time, unlike fiscal policy changes most of which are generally associated with the Annual Budget. Finally, harmonious implementation of policies may require that one policy is not unduly burdening the other for too long. Mutual respect and reinforcement is undoubtedly the ideal to which both policies and authorities should subscrib