MockingJay Capitol and Air Duct Surprises Essay Example for Free

MockingJay Capitol and Air Duct Surprises Essay â€Å"All right, that’s it,† Paylor says. Flames and heavy black smoke from the wreckage obscure our view. â€Å"Did they hit the hospital?† â€Å"Must have,† she say grimly. As I hurry towards the ladders at the far end or the warehouse, the sight of Messalla and one od the insects emerging from behind an air duct surprises me. I thought they’d still be hunkered down in the alley. â€Å"They’re growing on me,† says Gale. I scramble down the ladder. When my feet hit the ground, I find a bodyguard, Cressida, and the other insect waiting. I expect resistance, but Cressida just waves me toward the hospital. She’s yelling, â€Å"I don’t care, Plutarch! Just give me five more minutes!† Not one to question a free pass, I take off into the street. â€Å"Oh, no,† I whisper as I catch sight of the hospital. Some people say they think our government is bad? Well check this out; 16 year old Katniss Everdeen is visiting a hospital to give the injured and dying people of District 8 hope. But when she is done, Capitol planes sent from President Snow attack her and her crew. Katniss and Gale shoot them down, but they find the hospital in ruins. Katniss records her own message for the capitol. MockingJay by Suzanne Collins. â€Å"Oh, no,† I whisper as I catch sight of the hospital. Or what used to be the hospital. I move past the wounded, past the burning plane wreck, fixated on the disaster ahead of me. People screaming, running about frantically, but unable to help. The bombs have collapsed the roof and set the building on fire, effectively trapping the patients within. A group of rescuers has assembled, trying to clear a path inside. But I already know what they will find. If the crushing debris and the flames didn’t get them, the smoke did. Gale’s at my shoulder. The fact that he does nothing only confirms my suspicions. Miners don’t abandon an accident until its hopeless. â€Å"Come on, Katniss. Haymitch says they can get a hovercraft in for us now,† he tells me, but I cant seem to move. â€Å"Why would they do that? Why would they target people who were already dying?† I ask him. â€Å"Scare others off. Prevent the wounded from seeking help,† says Gale. â€Å"Those people you met, they were expendable. To Snow, anyways. If the Capitol wins, what will it do with a bunch of damaged slaves?† I remember all those years in the woods, listening to Gale rant against the Capitol. Me, not paying close attention. Wondering why he even bothered to dissect its motives. Why thinking like our enemy would ever matter. Clearly, it could have mattered today. When Gale questioned the existence of the hospital, he was not thinking of disease, but this. Because he never underestimates the cruelty of those we face. I slowly turn my back to the hospital and find Cressida, flanked by the insects, standing a couple of yards in front of me. Her manner’s unrattled. Cool even. â€Å"Katniss,† she says. â€Å"President Snow just had them air the bombing live. Then he made an appearance to say that this was his way of sending a message to the rebels. What about you? Would you like to tell the rebels anything?† â€Å"Yes,† I whisper. The red blinking light on one end of the cameras catch my eye. I know I’m being recorded. â€Å"Yes,† I say more forcefully. Everyone is drawing away from me–-Gale, Cressida, the insects—giving me the stage. But I stay focused on the red light. â€Å"I want to tell the rebels that I am alive. That I’m right here in District Eight, where the Capitol has just bombed a hospital full of unarmed men, women, and children. There will be no survivors.† The shock I’ve been feeling being to give way to fury. â€Å"I want to tell people that if you think for one second the Capitol will treat us fairly if there’s a cease-fire, you’re deluding yourself. Because you know who they are and what they do† my hands go out automatically, as if to indicate the whole horror around me. â€Å"This is what they do! And we must fight back!† I’m moving in toward the camera now, carried forward by my rage. â€Å"President Snow says he’s sending us a message? Well, I have one for him. You can torture us and bomb us and burn our districts to the ground, but do you see that?† One of the cameras follows as I point to the planes burning on the roof of the warehouse across from us. The Capitol seal on a wing glows clearly through the flame. â€Å"Fire is catching!† I am shouting now, determined that he will not miss a word. â€Å"And if we burn, you burn with us!† My last words hang in the air. I feel suspended in time. Held aloft in a cloud of heat that generates not from my surroundings, but from my own being. â€Å"Cut!† Cressida’s voice snaps me back to reality, extinguishes me. She gives me a nod of approval. â€Å"That’s a wrap.†

PESTEL Analysis of Indias Textile Industry

PESTEL Analysis of Indias Textile Industry Introduction In analyzing the macro-environment, it is important to identify the factors that might in turn affect a number of vital variables that are likely to influence the organizations supply and demand levels and its costs. The radical and ongoing changes occurring in society create an uncertain environment and have an impact on the function of the whole organization. A number of checklists have been developed as ways of cataloguing the vast number of possible issues that might affect an industry. A PEST analysis is one of them that are merely a framework that categorizes environmental influences as political, economic, social and technological forces. Sometimes two additional factors, environmental and legal, will be added to make a PESTEL analysis, but these themes can easily be subsumed in the others. The analysis examines the impact of each of these factors (and their interplay with each other) on the business. The results can then be used to take advantage of opportunities and to make contingency plans for threats when preparing business and strategic plans. Kotler claims that PEST analysis is a useful strategic tool for understanding market growth or decline, business position, potential and direction for operations. Use whatever factors you feel are appropriate. Other variations include:- PEST analysis (STEP analysis)- Political, Economic, Sociological, Technological. PESTLE/ PESTEL analysis Political, Economic, Sociological, Technological, Legal, Environmental; PESTEL analysis. PESTEL analysis Political, Economic, Sociological, Technological, Environmental, Labors (Labor) related; PESTEL analysis (rare no references available). PESTLIED analysis Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal, International, Environmental, Demographic. STEEPLE analysis- Social/Demographic, Technological, Economic, Environmental, Political, Legal, Ethical. SLEPT analysis -Social, Legal, Economic, Political, and Technological. STEPE analysis-Social, Technical, Economic, Political, and Ecological. ETPSanalysis-Economic,Technical, Political andSocial- Scanning the business environment. Choose the acronym that most suits you or your organization. History of PESTLE Where did the term PEST or PESTLE derive? What were the origins? The term PESTLE has been used regularly in the last 10+ years and its true history is difficult to establish. The earliest know reference to tools and techniques for Scanning the Business Environment appears to be by Francis J. Aguilar (1967) who discusses ETPS a mnemonic for the four sectors of his taxonomy of the environment: Economic, Technical, Political, and Social. Shortly after its publication, Arnold Brown for the Institute of Life Insurance (in the US) reorganized it as STEP (Strategic Trend Evaluation Process) as a way to organize the results of his environmental scanning. Thereafter, this macro external environment analysis, or environmental scanning for change, was modified yet again to become a so-called STEPE analysis (the Social, Technical, Economic, Political, and Ecological taxonomies). In the 1980s, several other authors including Fahey, Narayanan, Morrison, Renfro, Boucher, Mecca and Porter included variations of the taxonomy classifications in a variety of orders: PEST, PESTLE, STEEPLE etc. Why the slightly negative connotations of PEST have proven to be more popular than STEP is not known. There is no implied order or priority in any of the formats. IMPORTANCE It is important to take into account PESTLE factors for the following main reasons Firstly, by making effective use of PESTLE analysis , you ensure that what you are doing is aligned positively with the powerful forces of change that are affecting our environment by taking advantage of change , you are much more likely to be successful than if your activities oppose it. Secondly, good use of PESTLE analysis helps you taking action that is likely to lead to failure for reasons beyond your control. Thirdly, PESTLE is useful when you start a new product or service. Use of PESTLE analysis helps you break free of assumptions and helps you quickly adapt to the realities of the new environment. ThePESTLE Analysisis often used as a generic orientation tool, finding out where an organization or product is in the context of what is happening out side that will at some point effect what is happening inside an organization. APESTLE analysisis a business measurement tool, looking at factors external to the organization.It is often used within a strategic SWOTanalysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats analysis). OBJECT Any organization or industry influenced by factors as political factors, economical factors, social factors, technical factors, legal factors, and environmental factors in addition to government policies, labor factors, competitive market condition locational factors, and emerging globalization. So we have defined PESTLE analysis of textile industry. Until the economic liberalization of Indian economy, theIndia Textile Industry was primarily unorganized industry. But now the Indian textile industry is the second largest in the world-second only to China. Indian textiles also account for 38 percent of the countrys total exports and are, therefore, a very important industry. And these factors affected the textile industry as political factors are most important for this industry because lack of stability in politics. And Indian economy is largely dependent on textile manufacturing and exports. India earns around 27% of the foreign exchange from exports of textiles so economical and env ironmental factors influenced. So we have discussed on these factors and define the problems of textile industry which is suffered by these factors. TEXTILE INDUSTRY The industries in India can be broadly classified into organized and unorganiased.Textile industry is under unorganized and relatively small. There is some potential for real growth. Textile Industry is related to clothes. Until the economic liberalization of Indian economy, theIndia Textile Industry was primarily unorganized industry. The opening up of Indian economy post 1990s led to a stunning growth of this industry. India Textile Industry is one of the largest textile industries in the world. Today, Indian economy is largely dependent on textile manufacturing and exports. India earns around 27% of the foreign exchange from exports of textiles. Further, India Textile Industry contributes about 14% of the total industrial production of India. Furthermore, its contribution to the gross domestic product of India is around 3% and the numbers are steadily increasing. India Textile Industry involves around 35 million workers directly and it accounts for 21% of the total employment generated in the economy. The Indian textile industry is the second largest in the worldsecond only to China. An Indian textile also has account for 38 percent of the countrys total exports and is, therefore, a very important industry. The forecast is that textiles exports will reach USD 35 billion by the year 2000. The total Indian market for the textile machinery in 1997 (the latest year for which complete data are available) was estimated at USD 895 million. The market is projected to grow at an average annual nominal growth rate of 6 percent during the next 2 years. There are at least 20 domestic companies offering textile machinery for spinning, weaving, texturizing and finishing. The Lakshmi Group of Coimbatore has been the most successful of these companies. Lakshmis success is attributable to its longevity in the sector and its ability to offer a range of textile machinery directly or through its sister companies. Consequently, Lakshmi can meet the needs of a variety of end users. For the past two years, the market has been in a recession. As a result, market players have become very cost conscious and price sensitive. However, the future looks bright used textile machinery. This market segment is likely to grow faster than the broader market. The major factors that are likely to produce growth for this sector include A worldwide increased in demand for Indian textiles and garments. The lowering of customs duties on imported textile machinery. Reduced government restrictions on the import of the used capital goods. The reduced cost of the used equipment which makes textile manufacturing operations more viable. Reliance Industries Limited (RIL) is Indias private sector company, involved in textiles. It is headquartered in Mumbai, India and employs approximately 12,500 people. The company recorded revenues of INR1, 108,860 million (approximately $25,537 million) during the fiscal year ended March 2007, an increase of 24.4% over 2006. The U.S. market share of imported textile machinery is only approximately 3 percent. Competitors from European countries such as Germany, Switzerland and the United Kingdom have taken the lead and are concentrating on equipment for cotton spinning, weaving, carding, winding and finishing. To become more competitive, U.S. companies need to shift their focus from only offering new equipment to offering both new and used textile machinery to the Indian market. Given this type of shift in focus, it is estimated that U.S. companies could increase their share of textile machinery imports to 10 percent over the next four to five years. In addition, U.S. firms can incre ase their competitiveness by forming alliances with experienced Indian partners who are very familiar with Indian market conditions. Another strategy for increasing the competitiveness of U.S. companies in the Indian market would be to focus on marketing used textile machinery on a turn key basis, and coupling the transfer of machinery with technological transfers, training, and buy-back commitment for the Indian textiles and garments. This type of strategy is highly supported at the national and regional levels by the Government of India (GOI). MARKET PROFILE OF TEXTILE INDUSTRY The Indian textile industry is the second largest in the worldsecond only to China. Indian textiles also account for 38 percent of the countrys total exports and are, therefore, a very important industry. The forecast is that textiles exports will reach USD 35 billion by the year 2000. To sustain this growth, it is imperatives that the textile industries produce goods of high quality at reasonable prices. This means that the industry must continuously modernize its machinery. Therefore, the textile machinery industry sector has an integral role to play in the growth of Indias textile exports. Industry analysts note that textile prices are increasingly competitive worldwide as more and more developing countries enter the global textile trade. To maintain, if not increase, its global market share, the Indian textile industry must procure modern, low-cost, textile machinery so that it can produce high quality textiles and garments for export at competitive prices. It is in this context that the market for used textile machinery is viewed as very promising. Used textile machinery permits India to incorporate new technology at low cost. Here are a few important facts about Indias textile: there are approximately 1200 medium to large scale textile mills in India. Twenty percent of these mills are located in Coimbatore (Tamilnadu). India has 34 million cotton textile spindles for manufacturing cotton yarn. Cotton yarns account for 70 percent of Indias textile exports. (China has 40 million cotton spindles.) Of the Indian textile yarn exports, almost 80 percent come from coarser yarns (counts below 40s). Consequently, there is a need to upgrade the technology. For the past two years, there has been a significant slow-down in the cotton spinning segment, mainly due to the spiraling price of cotton. The domestic knitting industry is characterized by small scale units which lack adequate facilities for dyeing, processing and finishing. The industry is concentrated in Tirupura (Tamilnadu) and Ludhiana (Punjab). Tirupura produces 60 percent of the countrys total knitwear exports. Knitted garments account for almost 32 percent of all exported garments. The major players include Nahar Spinning, Arun Processors and Jersey India. Status of the Textile Machinery Industry Approximately 120 companies manufacture the complete range of textile machinery. Gross receipts for the Industry in 1997 were nearly USD 700 million. The industry employs about 150,000 workers directly and an equal number indirectly. The demand for textile machinery is mainly from end user in the cotton textiles, manmade fibers and wool units textile sectors. The industrys major problems are Inadequate design and engineering capabilities. The high cost of raw material and components. The high cost of finance. Demand constraints. Competition from foreign countries as a result of the lowering of import duties on textile machinery. The high quality of imported textile equipment. The textile machinery industry sector experienced between 7 and 8 percent nominal growth in 1997. SWOT ANALYSIS OF TEXTILE INDUSTRY SWOT analysis defines all over condition of any industry or organization. This describes strength, weaknesses, opportunity, and threat of the textile industry. It contains astudy of the major internal and external factors affecting the company in the form of a SWOT analysis. Strengths: Indian Textile Industry is an Independent Self-Reliant industry. Abundant Raw Material availability that helps industry to control costs and reduces the lead-time across the operation. Availability of Low Cost and Skilled Manpower provides competitive advantage to industry. Availability of large varieties of cotton fiber and has a fast growing synthetic fiber industry. India has great advantage in Spinning Sector and has a presence in all process of operation and value chain. India is one of the largest exporters of Yarn in international market and contributes around 25% share of the global trade in Cotton Yarn. TheApparel Industryis one of largest foreign revenue contributor and holds 12% of the countrys total export. Industry has large and diversified segments that provide wide variety of products. Growing Economy and Potential Domestic and International Market. Industry has Manufacturing Flexibility that helps to increase the productivity. Weaknesses: Indian Textile Industry is highly Fragmented Industry. Industry is highly dependent on Cotton. Lower Productivity in various segments. There is Declining in Mill Segment. Lack of Technological Development that affect the productivity and other activities in whole value chain. Infrastructural Bottlenecks and Efficiency such as, Transaction Time at Ports and transportation Time. Unfavorable labor Laws. Lack of Trade Membership, which restrict to tap other potential market. Lacking to generate Economies of Scale. Higher Indirect Taxes, Power and Interest Rates. Opportunities: Growth rate of Domestic Textile Industry is 6-8% per annum. Large, Potential Domestic and International Market. Product development and Diversification to provide global needs. Exclusion of Quota Restriction leads to greater Market Development. Market is gradually shifting towards Branded Readymade Garment. Increased not reusable Income and Purchasing Power of Indian Customer open New Market Development. Emerging Retail Industry and Malls provide huge opportunities for the clothes, handiwork and other segments of the industry. Greater Investment and FDI opportunities are available. Threats: Competition from other developing countries, especially China. Continuous Quality Improvement is need of the hour as there are different demand patterns all over the world. Elimination of Quota system will lead to fluctuations in Export Demand. Threat for Traditional Market for Power loom and Handloom Products and forcing them for product diversification. Geographical Disadvantages. International labor and Environmental Laws. To balance the demand and supply. To make balance between price and quality Research Methodology In order to evaluate the PESTLE analysis of Indian textile and clothing exports, the study has analyzed the political technical, economical, social, legal, and environment factors of the textile industry. Information Sources The information has been sourced from various authentic and reliable sources like books, newspapers, trade journals and white papers, industry portals, government agencies, trade associations, and monitoring industry. To assess these factors of the industry, a preliminary interview conducted with a few industrialists. The interview sought their views and opinions chiefly respect of the pestle factors that they are facing in India. With the help of Internet sites we have found many key factors of this industry. Analysis Method Textile industry forecast and analysis is based on various macro- and microeconomic factors, sector and industry specific databases, and our in-house statistical and analytical model. This model takes into account the past and current trends in an economy, and more specifically in an industry, to bring out an objective market analysis. Our industry experts study the relationship between various industry and economic variables to ensure the required accuracy and desired check on the quality of data and information given in the report. PESTLE ANALYSIS OF TEXTILE INDUSTRY The textile industry grew out of theindustrial revolutionin the 18th Century asmass production of clothing became a majority industry. Until the economic liberalization of Indian economy, theIndia Textile Industry was primarily unorganized industry. The opening up of Indian economy post 1990s led to a stunning growth of this industry. But now Industry has influencing by many factors as political factors, economical factors, social factors, technical factors, legal factors, and environment factors. Here we will describe all those factors affected to Textile Industry. The Working Group on Textiles Jute Industry for the 11th Five Year Plan (2007-2012) has studied the major problems being faced by the textile industry. POLITICAL FACTORS The management of business enterprises and their policies are considerably influenced by the existing political systems. And India is a democratic country, there are probably problem of stability in politics. Political and Government Diversity: The reservation of production for very small companies that was imposed with an intention to help out small scale companies across the country, led substantial fragmentation that distorted the competitiveness of industry. However, most of the sectors now have been de-reserved, and major entrepreneurs and corporate are putting-in huge amount of money in establishing big facilities or in expansion of their existing plants. Secondly, the foreign investment was kept out of textile and apparel production. Now, the Government has gradually eliminated these restrictions, by bringing down import duties on capital equipment, offering foreign investors to set up manufacturing facilities in India. In recent years, India has provided a global manufacturing platform to other multi-national companies that manufactures other than textile products; it can certainly provide a base for textiles industry. And some motivating step taken by the government, other problems still sustains like various taxes and excise imbalances due to diversification into 35 states and Union Territories. However, an outline of VAT is being implemented in place of all other tax diversifications, which will clear these imbalances once it is imposed fully. But now the Indian government has introducing measures such as the national technology up gradation fund and removing the differential taxation scheme which discriminated against large units. ECONOMICAL FACTORS Economical factors such as per capita income, national income, resources mobilization, exploitation of natural resources, infrastructure development, capital formation, employment generation, and industrial development influence textile industry. Textile industry provides one of the most fundamental necessities of the people with huge value-addition at every stage of processing. Today textile sector accounts for nearly 14% of the total industrial output. Indian fabric is in demand with its ethnic, earthly colored and many textures. The textile sector accounts about 30% in the total export. This conveys that it holds potential if one is ready to innovate. The textile industry is the largest industry in terms of employment economy, expected to generate 12 million new jobs by 2010. It generates massive potential for employment in the sectors from agricultural to industrial. Employment opportunities are created when cotton is cultivated. Current Scenario Textile exports are targeted to reach $50 billion by 2010, $25 billion of which will go to the US. Other markets include UAE, UK, Germany, France, Italy, Russia, Canada, Bangladesh and Japan. The name of these countries with their background can give thousands of insights to a thinking mind. The slant cut that will be producing a readymade garment will sell at a price of 600 Indian rupees, making the value addition to be profitable by 300 %. SOCIAL FACTORS Managers and policy makers can not disregard social variables like education, knowledge, rural community norms and beliefs which are predominant in India, especially in the rural society while cultural differences are unthinkable for any international manager or even an urban Indian manager. Textile industry of India based on cotton and cotton as the agriculture product, which found in rural areas so the social responsibility of the textile industry. Social stratification plays a vital role in rural societies. TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS Technology is considered to be one of the most important factors of textile industry. That is why the government, in its industrial policy resolutions, industrial licensing policies, MRTP and FERA regulation, and in liberalization policies, assigned great importance to sophisticated technology and technology transfer. The Working Group on Textiles Jute Industry for the 11th Five Year Plan (2007-2012) has studied the major problems being faced by the textile industry which include: Structural weaknesses in weaving and processing, Fragmented and technologically backward textile processing sector, Fragmented garment industry, Inadequate capacity of the domestic textile machinery manufacturing sector, Inadequate training facilities in textile sector. The Government has undertaken a series of progressive measures like introduction of Technology Mission on Cotton (TMC), Technology Upgradaiton (sp) fund Scheme (TUFS), Scheme for Integrated Textile Park (SITP), reduction in customs duty on import of state-of-the-art machinery, Debt Restructuring Scheme, setting up of Apparel Training and Design Centers (ATDCs), 100% Foreign Direct Investment in the textile sector under automatic route, setting up of National Institute of Fashion Technology (NIFT) etc, for upgrading and strengthening the textile sector in India. At present, the textile industry is undergoing a substantial re-orientation towards other then clothing segments of textile sector, which is commonly called as technical textiles. It is moving vertically with an average growing rate of nearly two times of textiles for clothing applications and now account for more than half of the total textile output. The processes in making technical textiles require costly machinery and skilled workers. LEGAL FACTORS Legal environment plays very vital role in textile industry. Laws relating to industrial licensing, factory administration, industrial disputes, monopoly control, and foreign exchange regulation are examples of legal business environment in India. Textile industry has suffered by legal rules as unfavorable labor laws. Government has created strong labor laws. In India, labor laws are still found to be relatively unfavorable to the trades, with companies having not more than ideal model to follow a hire and fire policy And other factors are lack of Trade Membership, which restrict to tap other potential market. And also lacking to generate Economies of Scale is another legal factor to this industry. Government has charged higher Indirect taxes, power and Interest rates. The uneven supply base also leads barriers in attaining integration between the links in supply chain. This issue creates uncontrollable, unreliable and inconsistent performance. The liberalization being carried in the 1990s also ushered in a new era for Indias textile industry. It led to the relaxation of many of the constraints previously imposed on the textile sector. Licensing was removed in the early 90`s by the Statement of Industrial Policy and the Textile Development and Regulation Order. In 1995, India signed the General Agreement of Tariffs and Trade bringing some of its policies at par with those at an international level. At present, the single biggest factor influencing the textile industry appears to be the end of the textile quota regime of quantitative import restrictions under the multi-fiber arrangement (MFA) on 1st January, 2005 under the World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement on Textiles and Clothing. The removal of quotas, seen as an opportunity by many, including the government, is driving investment and liberalization in the textile space. India can also grab opportunities in the export market. The industry has the potential of attaining $34bn export earnings by the year 2010. The regulatory polices is helping out to enhance infrastructures of apparel parks, Specialized textile parks, EPZs and EOUs. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS Environment protection and preservation is responsibility of the textile industry. The Government of India is committed to the preservation of ecological balance. Pollution free technology and recycling of industrial wastes and effluents has become a corporate concern now. Legislative measures have been adopted for this purpose, important legislations in this connection are- The water (preservation and control of pollution) Act, 1974 provides for the prevention and control of water pollution. The Air Act, 1981 aims at preventing, controlling, and reducing air pollution. The environment (protection) Act, 1986 ensures the protection and improvement in the quality of the environment. TEXTILE COMPANIES IN INDIA There are many textile companies in India as Reliance Textiles- Reliance Textiles is one of the major textiles Company. That is in business of fully integrated man made fiber. It has capacity of more than 6 million tones per year. Vardhaman Spinning-Vardhman deals in spinning, weaving and processing segment of the industry. It is planning to double its fabric processing capacity to 50 million meters. Welspun India is Asias largest terry towel manufacturer and fourth largest in the world. It supplies to leading global retailers, meeting 15 per cent of Wal-Marts terry towel requirements, 85 per cent of Tom Hilfiger. Alok Industries has the largest processing capacity in India and offers fully integrated facilities for yarn text rising, weaving, knitting, processing, made-ups and garments. It has initiated plans to expand capacities across all segments by investing Rs. 10 billion. Arvind Mills boasts of a wide product range in value added fabric, from fabric to garments in denim, shirting and knits. Gokaldas exports have more than 40 factories spreading in 37 locations in India, manufacturing more than 2.4 million garments per month. Other major players like Raymond, Siyaram silk mills, mahavir spinning mills etc. have also shown strong performance in the past two years. INTERPRETATION The textile industry holds significant status in the India. Textile industry provides one of the most fundamental necessities of the people. It is an independent industry, from the basic requirement of raw materials to the final products, with huge value-addition at every stage of processing The textile industry is the largest industry in terms of employment economy, expected to generate 12 million new jobs by 2010. Today textile sector accounts for nearly 14% of the total industrial output. So I have interpreted that government should take action in favors to textile industry. In India, there are two issues unemployment and standard of living. Textile industry can help in employment and raising standard of living. At this time textile industry is facing very problems due to government policies. Other problem is recession in country. The textile industry also suffered because of the high cost of raw cotton. The government had increased the minimum support price by 40 per cent in 2008-09. So government should decrease the price of row material as cotton. And should make easy labor laws. CONCLUSION We have conclude that if any industry or organization want to retain in the market then follow the government rules and regulation, social responsibility, and maintain pollution environment. In India growth rate is depend upon textile industry. Indian Textile Industry is an Independent Self-Reliant industry but government stated strong labor laws for this industry. Market is gradually shifting towards Branded Readymade Garment and has opportunity in foreign market and domestic market. So the government should be introducing measures such as the national technology up gradation fund and removing the differential taxation scheme which discriminated against large units. They have also allowed textile units to build and operate captive power plants, which should ease the power problem. Although Textiles have historically formed an important part of Indias economy. Indias cotton and silk production were among the highest in the world. Bibliography www.companiesandmarkets.com/Summary-Company-Profile/Reliance-Ind .. Having lost its Competitive Advantage, Textile Industry Faces Decline article by Author: Sanjay K Jain Joint MD, TT Textiles Limited www.oxforduniversity.com www.yatsenassociates.com www.oxlearn.com/swot www.Mindjet.com Textile Industry: Problems Faced ByIndia ByHarold Doan and Associates www.csgstrategies.com/search-pest-analysis-of-textile- industry_p24.asp www.oppapers.com//pest-analysis-indian-textile- industry-page1.html Findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb092/is_3_34/ai_n29024336/ REFERENCES Business Environment, Author

Underlying Tensions within the Big Heat :: essays research papers fc

â€Å"A tension between placid surface and hidden corruption structures The Big Heat, and the drama deals with a struggle between those forces which try to keep the lid on and those which want to force the hidden violence out into the open† (Tom Gunning). Discuss this claim in relation to the film.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Somebody’s going to pay†¦ because he forgot to kill me, this was the tagline featured on the poster for Fritz Lang’s dark film noir classic The Big Heat which establishes the films undercurrents of violence and revenge. The plot places the films lone uncompromising homicide detective Dave Bannion, played by Glen Ford, in direct opposition to a society corrupt at almost every level, ranging from the mob to the police department itself. The films themes of corruption, violence, vengeance and individual struggle are seamlessly expressed through Lang’s use of economical storytelling, expressionistic lighting, unrelenting performances, costumes and use of set and dà ©cor.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Big Heat takes its place amongst a plethora of contemporary films dealing in similar concepts of widespread social corruption, focusing especially on the prevalence of organized crime in America, from the smallest of towns to the greatest metropolis’s. Notable films include The Enforcer from 1951, Robert Wise’s The Captive City (1952), Phil Karlson’s Kansas City Confidential and The Phenix City (1952 and 1955 respectively), Jospeh Lewis’ The Big Combo (1955) and Samuel Fuller’s Underworld U.S.A. of 1961. The Big Heat from 1953 emerges as the darkest of these films. The historical context the film was produced in is hinted at within the film itself when crime boss Lagana alludes to actual life Mobster Lucky Luciano, fearing his clash with Bannion might lead him toward â€Å"the same ditch with the Lucky Luciano’s†.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In discussing surfaces in The Big Heat it is important to emphasize the films literal fascination with surfaces, human faces, lighting, locations, etc. Perhaps the scene that the film is best known for is where gangster moll Debby Marsh, played by Gloria Graham, has a pot of boiling hot coffee splashed across her face by the sadistic thug Vince Stone, played by Lee Marvin. The result is that Debby’s face is terribly disfigured, a literal destruction of a surface. However, the act actually transforms Debby from a simple bimbo into the film’s heroine. Her previous character relied on good looks to charm her way into money, her main occupation being shopping. These good looks were merely a surface and deceiving, her inside actually vacant and manipulative.

Abraham Lincoln :: essays research papers

Abraham Lincoln Lincoln, Abraham (1809-65), 16th president of the United States (1861-65), who steered the Union to victory in the American Civil War and abolished slavery. Early Life Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809, near Hodgenville, Kentucky, the son of Nancy Hanks and Thomas Lincoln, pioneer farmers. At the age of two he was taken by his parents to nearby Knob Creek and at eight to Spencer County, Indiana. The following year his mother died. In 1819 his father married Sarah Bush Johnston, a kindly widow, who soon gained the boy's affection. Lincoln grew up a tall, gangling youth, who could hold his own in physical contests and also showed great intellectual promise, although he had little formal education. In 1831, after moving with his family to Macon County, Illinois, he struck out on his own, taking cargo on a flatboat to New Orleans, Louisiana. He then returned to Illinois and settled in New Salem, a short-lived community on the Sangamon River, where he split rails and clerked in a store. He gained the respect of his fellow townspeople, including the so-called Clary Grove boys, who had challenged him to physical combat, and was elected captain of his company in the Black Hawk War (1832). Returning from the war, he began an unsuccessful venture in shopkeeping that ended when his partner died. In 1833 he was appointed postmaster but had to supplement his income with surveying and various other jobs. At the same time he began to study law. That he gradually paid off his and his deceased partner's debts firmly established his reputation for honesty. The story of his romance with Ann Rutledge, a local young woman whom he knew briefly before her untimely death, is unsubstantiated. Illinois Politician and Lawyer Defeated in 1832 in a race for the state legislature, Lincoln was elected on the Whig ticket two years later and served in the lower house from 1834 to 1841. He quickly emerged as one of the leaders of the party and was one of the authors of the removal of the capital to Springfield, where he settled in 1837. After his admission to the bar (1836), he entered into successive partnerships with John T. Stuart, Stephen T. Logan, and William Herndon, and soon won recognition as an effective and resourceful attorney. In 1842 Lincoln married Mary Todd, the daughter of a prominent Kentucky banker, and despite her somewhat difficult disposition, the marriage seems to have been reasonably successful. The Lincolns had four children, only one of whom reached adulthood. His birth in a slave state notwithstanding, Lincoln had long opposed slavery.

U.s. And Swedish Trends In Tax Reform :: essays research papers

U.S. and Swedish Trends in Tax Reform Tax reform has become a major governmental policy issue in the United States as well as in the rest of the world. Countries are attempting to balance both economic efficiency and provide equity in taxation. Governments are looking to rewrite tax codes to minimize their impact on economic growth. Specifically, governments throughout the world are attempting to preserve incentives built into taxation to maximize economic efficiency. At the same time, these governments are trying to cope with the growth in social welfare programs throughout the past three decades. In this paper I shall discuss two nations which dramatically overhauled their tax systems, and whether or not their goals with tax reform were achieved. In the article "The tax reform act of 1986: Did Congress love it or leave it?", Randall Weiss discusses the attitudes about taxes in the United States. He details the events and attitudes leading to the Tax Reform Act of 1986, and shows how public perception about taxes has changed since then. He also discusses some of the tax reform proposals that are now currently being thought about in Congress. In 1986 the United States Congress enacted the Tax Reform Act (TRA-86). The act passed with a great deal of bipartisan support. This support was made possible by two features of the act. The first was that federal income tax rates were to be cut dramatically. While this would lead one to believe that federal government receipts were cut substantially as well, it was the second important feature of the bill that allowed it to be revenue neutral. This feature was that the bill was to improve horizontal equity in the tax system. This would be accomplished by eliminating many of the deductions that many individuals, particularly the well to do, were allowed to make. Many of the complains about the tax system in the United States that preceded the Tax Reform Act were about the gross horizontal inequities that it allowed. A great deal of press preceding TRA-86 showed the public how many of the country's wealthiest individuals were able to get away with paying little or no federal income tax. Eliminating many of these tax deductions and loopholes had been the goal of several liberal Democrats for some time. In addition, conservatives in Congress wanted to reduce the escalating federal budget deficit at the time. Also, a prevailing attitude of the time was that reducing marginal tax rates would benefit the economy. It was believed that specific tax breaks and deductions to support economic growth would not be needed with the greatly reduced tax rates.

Morality and the crucible Essay

Morality is the distinction between right and wrong. It is the determination of what should be done and what should not be done; or what is right and what is wrong. Morals deal with behaviors as well as motives. All humans live by some set of morals especially religious people. In The Crucible by Arthur Miller, this is clearly evident. It is about the puritan town of Salem, Massachusetts and the hunt for witches. Many people are falsely accused of witchcraft. Throughout this account of history key characters have to make choices that challenge their beliefs and ethics. They must decide whether to do what is right, and fight against a lie, or do what’s wrong and give in to the lie to save their own lives. Elizabeth Proctor is one of those who fought for the truth, therefore she; in my opinion is the most moral character in the story. Elizabeth is the wife of John Proctor; reserved, honest, slow to complain, and dutiful. She and her husband share a similarly strict adherence to justice and moral principles. She has great confidence in her own morality and in the ability of a person to maintain a sense of righteousness even when this principle conflicts with strict Christian doctrine. She is well known throughout the village for being a very Christian woman, knowing all her commandments. Whenever her husband is confused or indecisive about something, she leads him onto the path of justice. For example, she urges him to stop the witch trials by revealing the truth about Abigail’s sinful, deceitful ways. When Her husband has to decide whether to be killed or confess to witchcraft, she doesn’t want him to give into a corrupt and unjust society. Although she doesn’t wish to lose her husband, she still doesn’t sidestep her morals and beliefs. Even at the end, when Proctor decides to die instead of signing a confession that would have been a lie, she doesn’t try to fight his decision but shows respect for his righteous choice when she says, â€Å"He have his goodness now. God forbid I take it from him! † This shows that not only her own, but her husbands morals as well, were important to her. Out of all the characters in the Crucible, Elizabeth proved to be the most moral. In a society where it’s either, accuse or be accused, she chose to stick to her morals even if it meant her demise. She made a decision that was righteous in her eyes. â€Å"Often in true tests of moral character where people are tempted to deceive, be dishonest, or take advantage of each other, there are few who truly succeed. † This statement proved true, especially during the witch hunt, but Elizabeth Proctor was able to come out as one who succeeded in standing her grounds and protecting her morality.

Does Shakespeare successfully present Henry V Essay

My interpretation of a hero is somebody who is sincere and caring. They must be polite and well mannered. Someone who is strong and has a strong will in a tough situation. A person who is heroic, fearless, brave and courageous all rolled into one. A person who isn’t afraid to say what they believe in. They must be confident and determined to follow something through to the very end and to fight for what is theirs. A person who is a good speaker and can put their point across to an audience. They must be prepared to make sacrifices as part of their job. Although all of the above things are important attributes of a hero I think there are two more important attributes. The first is to be loyal. To be loyal to your friends, family and country. Without loyalty there can never be trust. The second is the ability to change. To realise there is something wrong with you or your attitude and to do something about it. Ely and Canterbury talk about one of these attributes in Act one Scene one of the play. The ability to change. Shakespeare writes about one of the main attributes of a hero in the very first scene. When Canterbury looks back on the prospect of Henry being a King he says that, â€Å"The courses of his youth promised it not. † Canterbury believes this because as a youth, â€Å"His companies unlettered, rude and shallow, His hours filled up with riots, banquets, sports, And never noted him any study. † As Henry grows older though, â€Å"never was such a sudden scholar made. † Henry changes because he knew he had to. That takes determination and courage. No matter what anyone said he followed it through and did what he had to do. In the very first scene of the play Henry is already being talked about before we have even met him. Shakespeare has done this because he is giving Henry a real hero’s entrance, just like in any good film, he is telling the audience who he is and what he does. Canterbury and Ely are setting the scene and trying to make his entrance seem dramatic. Shakespeare does this to tell the audience that Henry is a well-known and well-talked about person. In other words Shakespeare is showing the audience that Henry is powerful. In Act one Scene two Henry is introduced to us for the first time. A first impression of him would be that he is very diplomatic and polite. â€Å"Sure, we thank you. My learned lord, we pray you to proceed. † Later on in the scene though, when the French challenge him he does not turn it down. Henry is pondering whether to stake a claim to the French throne. When he is sent a mocking gift of, â€Å"Tennis balls, my liege. † He acts on his instincts and declares war on France. This is very brave because it leaves him open to criticism and it could turn out to be the wrong decision. In Act two Scene two Henry finds out that three of his lords, and friends, are â€Å"traitors. † He is upset by this, â€Å"What shall I say to thee, Lord Scroop, thou cruel, Ingrateful, savage and inhuman creature? † Although they are his friends he knows that he must, â€Å"Arrest them to answer to the law. † They are his friends but like any hero he must make sacrifices. Being a hero isn’t just about fighting or being brave it’s also about thinking about and helping others. In Act three Scene one Shakespeare shows Henry giving a moving speech to his soldiers outside the walls of Harfleur. â€Å"Once more unto the breach, dear friends†¦ On, on you noble English†¦ Be copy now to men of grosser blood, And teach them how to war†¦ Cry ‘God for Harry, England and Saint George! † Henry just doesn’t go into battle and expect everybody to win. He knows how they must be feeling and he tries to encourage them. Henry also demonstrates that he is willing to do everything that his job entails. Shakespeare shows the audience another heroic quality by, instead of sending one of Henrys soldiers to do something for him, he writes it so that Henry does it himself. This is shown in Act three Scene four when he says, â€Å"How yet resolves the governor of the town? This is the latest parle we will admit, Therefore to our best mercy give yourselves. † Henrys strong words push the Governor of Harfleur to give in. As soon as Henry and his army are let into Harfleur he is showing good initiative by already thinking about the next stage, â€Å"Upon the soldiers, we will retire to Calais. † Shakespeare shows the audience again of Henrys heroism by showing us he can be polite and that he has good manners. â€Å"How now, Llewellyn? Camest thou from the bridge? † Although Henry is like a friend to his soldiers, just like a hero Shakespeare shows us that Henry must face up to his responsibilities. Bardolph has been caught stealing and he says, â€Å"We would have all such offenders so cut off†¦ in our marches through the country there be nothing compelled from the villages. † Even though things aren’t going as well as they should be Henry doesn’t give up. In response to Montjoys offer for him to name his ransom he says, â€Å"†¦ My army but a weak and sickly guard. Yet, God before, tell him we will come on Through France himself and such another neighbour stand in our way. † Yet again in this extract of a speech Henry shows his strong beliefs in God. All of the above quotations came from Act three scene seven. Shakespeare makes the play very dramatic by using a chorus at the beginning of every act. These are very effective because it gives the audience a taster of what is going to happen but not enough to explain the act fully. This means that the audience want to know what is going to happen and when something does happen it makes it all the more dramatic. In Act four Scene one Shakespeare presents us the audience, with Henry’s many heroic qualities. Not showing any signs of worry or weariness he tries his best to raise the morale of his soldiers. â€Å"†¦ There is some soul of goodness in things evil†¦ For our bad neighbour makes us early stirrers, Which is both healthful and good husbandry. † Henry also shows us like any hero or any person that he has feelings. He borrows a cloak and walks around the camp asking people what they think of him. King: â€Å"Then you are a better man than the king. † Pistol: â€Å"the king’s a bawock and a heart of gold, a lad of life, an imp of fame, of parents good, of fist most valiant. † Later on in an argument (while in disguise) with Bates Henry stresses, â€Å"†¦ I think the king is but a man as I am. The violet smells to him as it doth to me. † Shakespeare shows the audience that Henry has a different side to his personality, he is caring and understanding. â€Å"Rather proclaim it, Westmorland, though my host That he which hath no stomach to this fight Let him depart. † He then shows us that he isn’t just all talk and that he is brave by saying, â€Å"We few, we happy few, we band of brothers-For he today that sheds his blood with me Shall be my brother. † Henry again refers back to his belief in God by saying, â€Å"Take it, brave York. Now soldiers, march away, And how Thou pleasest, God, dispose the day. † He shows us this in Act four Scene three. You know when someone is a real hero because another person compares him or her to an already famous hero. Shakespeare does this in Act four Scene seven when Llewellyn compares Henry to Alexander, â€Å"†¦ If you mark Alexander’s life well, Harry of Monmouth’s life is come after it in incident well. † Later on Henry shows again that he does have feelings. All of the boys guarding the luggage have been killed, â€Å"I was not angry since I came to France Until this instant. † When Henry knows that they have won the battle he is not boastful; this is another great attribute of a hero shown very clearly to the audience by Shakespeare. Instead he says, â€Å"Praised be God, and not our strength, for it. † He then shows that he is not afraid to show everybody his roots. â€Å"I wear it for a memorable honour, For I am Welsh, you know, good countryman. † Even though he is enjoying the moment of winning he has to get on with his job, â€Å"Bring me just notice of the numbers dead On both our parts. † Once again Henry refers to God, â€Å"To boast of this, or to take that praise from God, Which is His only†¦ but with this acknowledgement, That God fought for us. † During the battle Shakespeare uses another dramatic device by using very short scenes whilst everyone is fighting. This means that everything is constantly changing and the audience doesn’t know what is going to happen next. It also builds up tension because Shakespeare is moving from one camp to the next. One minute you are in the French camp then the next you are in the English camp. After winning the battle Henry has to get back to his duties as king. Shakespeare shows the audience this side of Henry to show us that he is not just wrapped up in the glory of winning, he instead shows us that he is a true hero and still will face up to his responsibilities. â€Å"Peace to this meeting, wherefor we are met. † He then shows that a hero is just like any other man by trying to court the French king’s daughter, Katherine. â€Å"Fair Katherine†¦ if you will love me soundly with your French heart I will be glad to hear you confess it brokenly with your English tongue†¦ An angel is like you†¦ And therefore tell me, most fair Katherine, will you have me? † After agreeing the peace treaty Henry says, â€Å"prepare we for our marriage † The above quotations were taken from Act Five Scene Two. Overall I think Shakespeare has been very successful in presenting Henry as a hero. He is everything a hero could be. He has shown the audience that a hero could be sitting amongst them, that a hero is just an ordinary man or woman. The audience can relate to this because one day they themselves know that they could be a hero. I also think that the play was more effective in Elizabethan times than it is now. This is because when Shakespeare wrote this particular play Queen Elizabeth was coming to the end of a very successful rein and she had no one to succeed her. The Elizabethan community were very worried that there wouldn’t be anybody as good to take over, especially not a man. Shakespeare then wrote this play showing a truly heroic, male King. This raised the hopes of the Elizabethan people and made the play much more effective and much more popular.